Trading Trading | Glossarju Sistemi Gran

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Trading Glossarju

A priori: Magħruf qabel iż-żmien.
Baby Pattern Abbandunati: Disinn gandlier rari fejn rasu vojt Doji stilla (fejn il-dellijiet ma jmissux) jiġi segwit permezz ta 'spazju negattivi gandlier sewda fejn il-dellijiet wkoll ma jmissux; kkunsidrata bħala sinjal ewlieni qlib fuq.

ABC: mewġa Elliott terminoloġija għal moviment tal-prezz ta 'tliet mewġa countertrend. Wave A huwa l-mewġa prezz ewwel kontra l-tendenza tas-suq. Mewġa B huwa mewġa korrettivi li Wave A. Wave Ċ huwa l-bidla prezz finali li jitlesta l-moviment fil-prezzijiet countertrend. segwaċi mewġ Elliott studju A u mewġ C għal proporzjonijiet tal-prezz ibbażat fuq numri mill-serje Fibonacci.
Akkumulazzjoni: Żieda għall-pożizzjoni ta 'negozjant suq oriġinali. L-ewwel tliet fażijiet distinti fil xejra prinċipali fejn l-investituri jkunu qegħdin jixtru.
Akkumulazzjoni / Linja Distribuzzjoni: Ara Chaikin Oxxillatur.
Actuals: Jirreferi għal komoditajiet fiżiku attwali, kif distinta minn futures.
ADA: Blokk strutturati lingwa ta 'programmar żviluppati taħt il-gwida tad-Dipartiment tad-Difiża biex jipprovdu mezz għall-kitba fil-ħin reali, l-applikazzjonijiet konkurrenti, biex tiġi ffaċilitata programm ta' verifika.
Adattivi Iffiltra: Twittija u / jew tbassir il-prezzijiet mal-piż kontinwament aġġornata tal-prezzijiet tal-passat.
Bil-quddiem-Tnaqqis Linja: Numru Kull ġurnata tal-kwistjonijiet jonqos huwa mnaqqas mill-numru ta 'avvanz ta' kwistjonijiet. Id-differenza netta hija miżjuda għal somma tmexxija jekk id-differenza tkun pożittiva jew titnaqqas mis-somma tmexxija jekk id-differenza tkun negattiva.
Eskursjoni avversi: It-telf attribwit għal moviment tal-prezz kontra l-pożizzjoni fi kwalunkwe kummerċ waħda.
AKA: Akronimu għal "akkwist għarfien awtomatiku." Jirreferi għall-użu ta 'programmi sabiex joħolqu għarfien meħtieġ minn programmi oħra (sistemi normalment esperti).
Alpha: Premium li portafoll ta 'investiment jaqla' l fuq minn punt partikolari ta 'referenza; kejl ta' prestazzjoni indipendenti istokk tas-suq.
Depożitarju Irċevuti Amerikana (ADRs): Ċertifikati li huma maħruġa minn bank ta 'oriġini Amerikana u nnegozjati fl-Istati Uniti bħala ishma domestiċi. Iċ-ċertifikati jirrappreżentaw l-assigurazzjonijiet barranin li l-bank għandu f'dak il-pajjiż ta 'sigurtà ta' oriġini.
Amortizzament
metodu tal-kontabbiltà fil liema l-ispiża ta 'assi hija mifruxa.
Analiżi tal-varjanza: (ANOVA) Il-qsim tas-somma totali ta 'kwadri fil-somma ta' kwadri spjegat mill-mudell u s-somma li jifdal ta 'kwadri inspjegabbli.
Anaume: formazzjoni gandlier. 'Mudell eżawriment eċċezzjonali (li tfisser "vojt mili") kompost minn ħames xemgħat. Il-anaume iseħħ meta l-vojt ikun mimli fid-direzzjonijiet wara prezz tas-suq inbidlet. Dan il-mudell flimkien ma 'l-xejriet oħra jindikaw potenzjal qawwi għall-treġġigħ lura bullish u bil-quddiem tal-prezzijiet.
Ankrar-u-Aġġustament
finanzi komportamentali. It-tendenza li tevalwa d-deċiżjonijiet attwali fil-kuntest ta 'avvenimenti fil-passat.
Andrews Metodu: A teknika li biha tekniku se pick baxxa estrema jew għolja lill-użu bħala punt tal-pern u jfassal linja, imsejjaħ il-linja medjana, minn dan il-punt li jaqsam linja mpinġija permezz ta 'l fażi korrettivi li jmiss li sseħħ wara l-punt tal-pern. paralleli Linji li l-linja medjana huma miġbura permezz tal-punti għoljin u baxxi tal-fażi ta 'korrezzjoni. Il-linji paralleli jiddefinixxu l-reżistenza u l-livelli ta 'appoġġ għall-kanal tal-prezz.
Ittemprar (Simulazzjoni): Ġeneralment proċess metallurġiċi, fl-intelliġenza artifiċjali proċess li fih tiftix tax-xogħol nett newrali għal sett ta 'piżijiet li jimminimizza erroneità;-tfittxija kontinwament jinxtorob il-piżijiet jsibu valuri aħjar, analoga għall-arranġament mill-ġdid tal-molekuli fil-bar tal-metall imsaħħna kif il-bar jibred.
Qligħ annwali Bidla: (%) Il-bidla qligħ storiċi bejn l-aktar reċentement irrappurtati sena fiskali jaqilgħu laqgħat u l-preċedenti.
Annwali Qligħ nett Marġni: (%) Il-perċentwali li l-kumpannija akkwistat mit bejgħ gross għas-sena fiskali aktar reċentement irrappurtati.
Bejgħ Annwali Bidla: (%) Il-bidla perċentwali fil-bejgħ bejn is-sena fiskali aktar reċentement rappurtata u l-preċedenti.
Annwalizzati
Traduzzjoni tal-figuri għal sena partikolari fis-rata annwali.
Tbassir antithetic: Żewġ previżjonijiet li l-iżbalji huma korrelatati negattiv.
Arbitrage: Ix-xiri simultanja u bejgħ ta 'żewġ reġimi differenti, iżda relatati mill-qrib, sigurtajiet biex jittieħed vantaġġ ta' disparità fil-prezzijiet tagħhom.
Arima: Ara Nimxu Integrati AutoRegressive Medja
ARMAX (AutoRegressive Moving Medja eżoġeni varjabbli mudell): Il-kombinazzjoni tal-fatturi varjabbli fundamentali barra mis-suq partikolari li jikkorrelata ma 'l-varjabbli indipendenti miżjud ma' l-immudellar arma ta 'l-residwi li jibqgħu.
Armi Indiċi: Magħruf ukoll bħala Trading Indiċi (Trin):; Avvanz / tnaqqis istokk tas-suq indikatur. Minn qari ta 'inqas minn 1.0 jindikaw domanda bullish, filwaqt li akbar minn 1.0 huwa bearish. L-indiċi huwa spiss mwittija ma 'medja sempliċi jiċċaqilqu.
Intelliġenza Artifiċjali: Il-qasam tax-xjenza tal-kompjuter iddedikat għal produzzjoni ta 'programmi li jippruvaw jimitaw il-proċessi ta' l-moħħ tal-bniedem.
Jassenja: Għat-trasferiment għal ieħor li lilha proprjetà huwa assenjat.
Astrofisiċi Cycle: Kull ċiklu earthly, bħal ċiklu tas-suq, li ġie xjentifikament relatati ma 'l-fiżika tas-sistema planetarja.
Fuq il-Ħasil ta ': Għażla li strajk prezz huwa l-eqreb il-prezz attwali ta 'l-riżultat sottostanti.
Attenwazzjoni: Il-parti frazzjonali ta 'enerġija mnaqqsa jew mitlufa poter minħabba twittija jew filtrazzjoni.
Autocorrelation: Il-korrelazzjoni bejn il-valuri ta 'serje ta' żmien u ta 'qabel l-valuri tas-serje istess ħin.
AutoRegressive Integrati Nimxu Medja (Arima): A lineari stochastic mudell ta 'tbassir metodoloġija deskritta mill Box u Jenkins fi Żmien tagħhom ktieb Serje Analiżi, previżjonijiet u Kontroll.
Autoregressive: Bl-użu tad-data preċedenti li jbassru l-informazzjoni fil-futur.
Medja direzzjonali Moviment Indiċi (ADX): Indikatur żviluppati minn J. Welles Wilder li miżura tas-suq intensità tendenza.
Medja Medda Veru
A medja li tiċċaqlaq tal-firxa vera.
% B: Jindika fejn il-prezz l-għeluq hija fil meded Bollinger:
Lura Xahar: Il-barra, jew lura, xahar kuntratt, għall-kuntrarju l-xahar kuntratt attwali;-xahar iskadenza farther fil-futur mill-kurrenti, jew fuq il-post, fix-xahar.
Back-propagazzjoni Netwerk: Netwerk feedforward newrali multilayered li huwa komunement użat paradigma netwerk newrali.
Back-Ittestjar: Strateġija huwa ttestjat jew ottimizzat fuq dejta storika u allura l-istrateġija hija applikat għal data ġdida biex tara jekk ir-riżultati huma konsistenti.
Ibbilanċjat Fond reċiproka: A fond reċiproku li jfittex dħul li huwa taħlita ta 'apprezzament tal-kapital u d-dħul attwali, ġeneralment billi jibnu portafoll tal-bonds, titoli preferuti u ħażniet komuni.
Bandpass Iffiltra: Oxxillatur li jenfasizza biss l-frekwenzi, u f'firxa intermedju u tiċħad frekwenzi għoljin u baxxi. Implimentati mill-ewwel applikazzjoni ta 'filtru low pass għad-data u mbagħad iffiltra jgħaddu għolja għad-data li tirriżulta (eż., sistema ta' żewġ crossover SMA).
Bank Kuntratti ta 'Investiment (BIC): A-tul ta 'depożitu negozjati maħruġa minn bank kummerċjali. Ara Garantiti Investiment Kuntratti (GICs).
Bar Chart
Użati biex plot movimenti tal-prezzijiet bl-użu vireg vertikali jindika firxiet tal-prezzijiet.
Bażi: Id-differenza bejn post (ta 'flus kontanti) il-prezzijiet u l-prezz tal-kuntratt futuri.
Punti Bażi: Il-miżura ta 'ġbir fuq il-bonds u noti; punt bażi waħda daqs 0.01% tar-rendiment.
Basket Snajja: tranżazzjonijiet kbar magħmula minn numru ta 'stokkijiet differenti.
Regola Deċiżjoni Bayes: Tiddaħħal regola li l-istati l-istrateġija magħżula minn dawk disponibbli huwa dak li l-valur mistenni ta 'payoff huwa l-akbar.
Bear Suq
A suq tas-sigurtajiet kkaratterizzat għalhekk ibbażata fuq prezzijiet jonqsu.
Beta: A rigressjoni tal-koeffiċjent stmat li tappartjeni għal varjabbli partikolari.
Beta (Koeffiċjent): Miżura tas-suq / riskju nondiversifiable assoċjat ma 'kull garanzija mogħtija fis-suq. Proporzjon ta 'ħażna ta' individwu jirritorna storiku li l-prospetti storiku ta 'l-istokk tas-suq. Jekk ħażna żdied fil-valur bi 12% filwaqt li l-suq żdied bi 10%, beta-istokk ikun 1.2.
Bias: Id-differenza bejn il-valur mistenni ta 'istimatur u l-valur attwali li għandhom ikunu stmati.
Offerta u Staqsi
ogħla prezz u l-prezz aktar baxx li investitur se tħallas għal negozjabbli.
Distribuzzjoni Bimodal: Fl-osservazzjonijiet li jidhru bħala li żewġ quċċati distinti.
Iswed Kaxxa
A, proprjetarji kompjuterizzata sistema tal-kummerċ li r-regoli huma ma jintwerewx jew faċilment aċċessibbli.
Iswed Scholes Mudell Ipprezzar Għażla: Mudell żviluppat biex jistmaw il-valur tas-suq tal-kuntratti għażla.
Blokk Snajja: tranżazzjonijiet kbar ta 'ħażna partikolari mibjugħ bħala unità.
Blow-off Fuq: Żieda qawwija u mgħaġġla fil-prezzijiet segwit minn tnaqqis qawwi u mgħaġġel fil-prezz.
Bonds
Garanzija ta 'dejn fit-tul ma' rata ta 'imgħax indikat u dati dovut, maħruġ minn korporazzjoni jew gvern, meta interess u l-prinċipal għandhom jitħallsu. Hemm varjazzjonijiet ħafna.
Boolean: Jiddeskrivi varjabbli li jista 'jkollhom waħda biss minn żewġ valuri possibbli: veru jew falza. Wara George Boole, logician Ingliż, kreditati bl-invenzjoni ta '"loġika Boolean."
Kaxxa Jenkins Inqas Pjazzez lineari: L-istruttura addittiv ta 'mudelli Box-Jenkins bi struttura polinomjali.
Kaxxa Jenkins Metodu: Mill-GEP Kaxxa u GM Jenkins, li awtur Ħin Serje Analiżi: Tbassir u l-Kontroll. Il-metodu tirreferi għall-użu tal-politika integrata medji li jiċċaqilqu autoregressive (Arima), li jidħlu els mod staġjonali u mudelli nonseasonal għal serje ta 'żmien.
Kaxxa Jenkins Inqas Pjazzez mhux lineari: L-istruttura multiplikattiv ta 'mudelli Box-Jenkins jużaw l-algoritmu Gauss-Newton derivattivi ta numeriku.
Bozu: Litteralment "qargħi" jew "monk" fil Ġappuniż; fit-terminoloġija gandlier tirreferi għal sitwazzjoni li matulu iċ-ċiklu kummerċjali tiftaħ jew tagħlaq fuq għolja jew baxxa, li jindika rebħa għall-barrin jew iġorr.
Bracketing: Suq firxa tal-kummerċ jew reġjun prezz li huwa mhux trending.
Dissidenti Gap: Meta ħruġ negozjabbli firxa kummerċ mill-kummerċ fuq livelli tal-prezzijiet li l-weraq ta 'żona ta' prezz fejn l-ebda kummerċ sseħħ fuq ċart bar. Tipikament, dawn in-nuqqasijiet jidhru fil-tlestija ta 'formazzjonijiet grafika importanti.
Tbegħid: Il-punt meta l-prezz tas-suq jiċċaqlaq mill-kanal tendenza.
Broker-negozjant
Ditta li mankijiet tranżazzjonijiet għall-klijenti tagħha u wkoll titoli xiri għall-kont tiegħu stess, il-bejgħ lill-klijenti.
's Gverta Broker: Ordnijiet fiżikament miżmuma mill-sensar art fil-ħofra ta'l-kummerċ.
Bull Suq
A suq tas-sigurtajiet kkaratterizzat għalhekk fuq il-prezzijiet jogħlew.
Jixtru u Żomm
L-akkwist ta 'negozjabbli għall-perijodu fit-tul pjuttost milli fatturat malajr.
C Lingwa: Użat ħafna lingwa iżvilupp sistemi, ukoll blokk strutturata, iżda aktar faċilitajiet biex jikkontrolla l-magna fil-livell tal-hardware.
Għażla Sejħa: Kuntratt li tagħti l-xerrej tal-għażla tad-dritt iżda mhux l-obbligu li tieħu kunsinna tal-garanzija sottostanti bi prezz speċifiku fi ħdan ċertu żmien.
Calmar Proporzjon: Jieħu ir-rata ta 'ritorn medja għall-aħħar 36 xahar u jaqsam lilha mill-ġbid ta' self massimu għall-istess perjodu. Huwa normalment ikkalkulat fuq bażi mensili. Valur negattiv għall-proporzjon Calmar tfisser li s-sistema jew in-negozjant kellu rendiment negattiv matul l-aħħar tliet snin.
Gandlier Mapep nawtiċi: Metodu iċċartjar, oriġinarjament mill-Ġappun, li fiha l-għoli u baxx huma pplottjati bħala linja waħda u li huma msemmija bħala dellijiet. Il-firxa ta 'prezzijiet bejn il-miftuħ u l-għeluq huwa mpinġi bħala rettangolu dejjaq u huwa msemmi bħala l-korp. Jekk il-viċin huwa ogħla mill-miftuħ, il-korp huwa abjad. Jekk il-qrib hija taħt il-miftuħ, il-korp huwa l-iswed.
Kapital Distribuzzjoni Qligħ: A distribuzzjoni lil azzjonisti kumpannija ta 'investiment mill-gwadanji netti kapitali fit-tul realizzati minn kumpannija ta' investiment regolati fuq il-bejgħ ta 'titoli portafoll.
Kapital Telf
Telf li jirriżulta mill-bejgħ b'telf.
CBOT
Bord ta 'Chicago ta' Kummerċ.
Teorema Limitu Ċentrali
Mill-istatistika, it-teorema li d-distribuzzjoni ta 'kampjun tfisser meħud minn popolazzjoni kbira tilħaq normali, Gaussian, kurva.
Chaikin Oxxillatur: Oxxillatur maħluqa billi jitnaqqas l-EMA 10-jum minn EMA tlitt ijiem ta 'akkumulazzjoni linja distribuzzjoni /.
Kanal: Fil-iċċartjar, kanal-prezz jinkludi il-prezzijiet matul tendenza. Hemm tliet modi bażiċi biex tiġbed kanali: il-parallel, tondi u l-kanali li lows jgħaqqdu (tendenza) ikollhom jew quċċati (tendenza barrin).
Kaos Teorija: Tiddeskrivi l-imġieba tas-sistemi mhux lineari. Sottogrupp ta 'analiżi dinamika mhux lineari, teorija kaos hija fergħa tal-matematika li jiffukaw fuq l-imġiba irregolari u kumplessi li ordni sottostanti. Fil-borża, it-teorija kaos tfittex biex jitbassru l-passaġġ fil-futur tal-prezzijiet istokk, inklużi l-bidliet f'daqqa li jseħħu matul perjodi ta 'attività intensa tas-suq.
Mapep nawtiċi
Wirja jew stampa ta 'sigurtà li plots prezz u / jew il-volum (in-numru ta' ishma mibjugħa). Il-grafika hija l-pedament ta 'analiżi teknika, u matul is-snin, ħafna tipi differenti ta' mappa ta ġew żviluppati.
Chi Square
Test statistiku biex jiddeterminaw jekk il-mudelli esebiti mill-informazzjoni setgħu ġew prodotti b'kumbinazzjoni.
Ifrex Siġra tal-Milied: Ix-xiri simultanja u l-kitba ta 'għażliet jew ma' istrike price differenti jew id-data razzjon expi jew kombinazzjoni tat-tnejn.
Sistemi klassifikatur: Fil-intelliġenza artifiċjali, dawn is-sistemi iwettqu tip ta 'tagħlim magna li jiġġenera r-regoli mill-eżempji.
Klonu Fond

Verżjoni iżgħar ta 'fond reċiproku bl-imnut, huwa offrut bħala subaccount fi annwalità varjabbli. Il-prezz ta 'kuljum ta' fond klonu huwa differenti fost annwalitajiet varjabbli li jwettqu għaliex kull fond klonu jibda f'data differenti u bi prezz bażi ta '$ 10.
Closed-Tmiem tal-Fondi
A fond reċiproku li ma tbigħ l-ishma mhux limitat; wieħed ma 'numru speċifiku ta' ishma pendenti.
Magħluq Snajja: Pożizzjonijiet li jkunu ġew jew likwidati jew jikkumpensaw.
Clustering
Jsib l-preżenza ta 'gruppi ta' vectors li huma simili f'xi moda.
CME
Il Chicago Skambju Merkantili.
Koeffiċjent: A użati kostanti li timmultiplika ieħor kwantità jew serje; kif fi 3 x u mannara, 3 u huma koeffiċjenti ta 'x.
Koeffiċjent ta 'Determinazzjoni: R-kwadru. Il-proporzjon tal-varjazzjoni fid-dejta spjegata mill-mudell.
Koinċidenza: Fit-teorija Gann, punt proġettat treġġigħ lura.
Colinear: Multicolinearity ara.
Magħquda Tbassir: Il-medja peżata ta 'tnejn jew aktar tbassir.
Komodità Futures Trading Kummissjoni (CFTC)
A kummissjoni li tissorvelja l-skambji ta 'komodità fl-Istati Uniti.
Qawwa relattiva komparattiva: Tqabbel il-moviment tal-prezz ta 'stokk ma' dik tal-kompetituri tagħha, grupp industrijali jew tas-suq kollu. Din hija differenti mis Indiċi J. Welles Wilder's Saħħa relattiva, li jitqabbel moviment tal-prezz attwali biex preċedenti fil-prezzijiet moviment ta 'l-istess strument.
Comparitor
Tagħmir ta 'xi tip li jqabbel żewġ inputs.
Taħlit
Il-ħlas, permezz ta 'imgħax, ibbażat fuq is-somma ta' l-ammont prinċipali oriġinali u imgħax akkumulat tagħha.
Kunfidenza Fattur: Miżura ta 'l-grad ta' probabbiltà li regola tkun korretta, li jistgħu jirriflettu l-perċentwali ta 'drabi li ġie ppruvat li tkun korretta fl-imgħoddi jew biss miżura suġġettiv tal-fiduċja tagħna fil-livell ta' affidabilità.
Kunfidenza ta 'Livell: Il-grad ta 'assigurazzjoni li rata ta' falliment speċifikata ma jinqabiżx.
Konferma: Indikazzjoni li l-inqas żewġ indiċi, fil-każ tat-teorija Dow l-industrijalisti u t-trasport, jikkorrobora tendenza tas-suq jew punt ta 'bidla.
Żona konġestjoni jew Pattern: Serje ta 'ġranet tal-kummerċ li fihom m'hemm ebda progress viżibbli fil-prezz.
Konsolidazzjoni: Magħruf ukoll bħala perijodu ta 'konġestjoni. A nieqaf li jħalli lill-parteċipanti fis-suq li reevaluate-suq u tistabbilixxi l-istadju għall-bidla fil-prezzijiet li jmiss.
Indiċi tal-Prezzijiet tal-Konsumatur
Il-gauge tal-inflazzjoni US.
Kontinwazzjoni Chart: A chart li fiha l-istruttura ta 'prezzijiet għall-data għall-aħħar ta' kuntratt partikolari u d-data għall-bidu tal-kuntratt li jmiss huma ingħaqdu sabiex jiffaċilitaw it-tranżizzjoni ta 'kuntratt wieħed għall-ieħor.
Kuntratt
Ftehim kif fl-għażliet fejn id-drittijiet jiġu skambjati bil-liġi. Korrelazzjoni Koeffiċjent-Meta X żewġ varjabbli każwali u Y għandhom tendenza li jvarjaw flimkien. Il-kejl hija mogħtija bil-proporzjon ta 'l-kovarjanza ta' X u Y għall-għerq ikkwadrat tal-prodott ta 'l-varjanza ta' X u l-varjanza ta 'Y.
Konverġenza: Meta l-prezzijiet tal-futures u l-prezzijiet fuq il-post ngħaqdu flimkien fl-iskadenza tal-futures.
Konverżjoni Arbitraġġ: Negozjanti jixtri u jbiegħ titoli żewġ differenti (jew sigurtajiet sintetiċi), furzar prezzijiet ekwivalenti għal titoli ekwivalenti.
Coppock Kurva: Ukoll Coppock Gwida. A fit-tul indikatur momentum tal-prezz: a 10-xahar peżata li jiċċaqilqu aver età tal-somma tal-xhur rata 14 tal-bidla u l-xhur rata ta '11-bidla għall-Djia.
Korrezzjoni: Kull reazzjoni prezz fis-suq li jwasslu għal aġġustament minn kemm terz għal żewġ terzi tal-qligħ ta 'qabel.
Korrezzjoni tal-mewġ: A mewġa jew ċiklu ta 'mewġ li jiċċaqalqu kontra tad-direzzjoni t-tendenza impuls kurrenti.
Koeffiċjent ta 'korrelazzjoni
Grad li fih żewġ serje ta 'numri plot bħala linja dritta. A koeffiċjent ta 'korrelazzjoni ta' 1 (jew -1) jindika li l-żewġ serje ta 'numri plot eżattament ma' tul linja dritta. A koeffiċjent ta 'korrelazzjoni ta' żero jindika li m'hemm l-ebda relazzjoni f'linja dritta bejn il żewġ serje ta 'numri. Kif applikat għal żewġ portafolli, korrelazzjoni għolja koeffiċjent għall-prospetti relattivi tindika li l-valuri tal-portafoll resqu flimkien u koeffiċjent ta 'korrelazzjoni baxxa tfisser l-oppost. Meta l-koeffiċjent ta 'korrelazzjoni hija għolja, wieħed portafoll setgħet intużat bħala sostitut jew spekulattivi għall-oħra.
Correlogram: Display numerika u grafika ta 'l-istatistika tat-test ta' rutina dijanjostika autocorrelation.
Spiża Bażi
L-ispiża ta 'sehem speċifiku jew grupp ta' ishma istokk.
Countermove: A bar price turi moviment opposta għad-direzzjoni tal-perjodu ta 'żmien qabel; retracement.
Kovarjanza: Timmultiplika l-devjazzjoni ta 'kull varjabbli minn medja tagħha, iżżid dawn il-prodotti u sussegwentement iqassamhom bin-numru ta' osservazzjonijiet.
Għatti: Purchasing lura kuntratt jinbiegħu qabel.
Koperti Ikteb: Kitba sejħa kontra pożizzjoni fit-tul fl-istokk sottostanti. Permezz jirċievi l-premium, il-kittieb-ħsieb li jirrealizzaw ritorn addizzjonali dwar l-istokk komuni sottostanti jew tikseb xi element ta 'protezzjoni (limitati għall-ammont tal-premium ispejjeż tat-tranżazzjoni inqas) minn tnaqqis fil-valur ta' dak l-istokk sottostanti.
Jixxaqqaq firxiet: Il-firxa bejn iż-żejt mhux maħdum u prodotti tiegħu: żejt għat-tisħin u gasolina bla ċomb għandu rwol ewlieni fil-proċess tal-kummerċ.
Kreditu Ifrex: Id-differenza fil-valur ta 'żewġ għażliet, fejn il-valur tal-wieħed mibjugħa taqbeż il-valur ta' dik mixtrija.
Korrelazzjonijiet Salib
Il-punt sa fejn il-flussi ta 'dħul ta' negozjanti individwali fi ħdan impriża waħda t-tendenza li juru xejriet simili matul iż-żmien.
CTI2: Suq terminoloġija Profil għall-membri ikklerjar kummerċjali, għall-kuntrarju CTI1, negozjanti art lokali.
Tazza u Immaniġġja: 'Mudell akkumulazzjoni osservati fuq tabelli. Il-mudell ddum minn seba 'sa 65 ġimgħat;-tazza hija fil-forma ta' "U" u l-manku huwa normalment aktar minn ġimgħa jew tnejn fit-tul. Il-manku huwa drift kemmxejn 'l isfel ma' volum kummerċjali baxx mill-naħa tal-lemin tal-formazzjoni.
Kurrenti Proporzjon: L-assi kurrenti ta 'kumpannija diviż djun kurrenti tagħha. indikazzjoni saħħa karta tal-bilanċ.
Curve: L-immaġni kontinwu ta 'l-intervall unità.
Curve-Armar: Iżvilupp ta 'regoli kkumplikati li Mappa kondizzjonijiet magħrufa.
CUSIP
In-numru assenjat mill-Kumitat ta 'Sigurtà Uniformi Identifikazzjoni Proċedura li jidher fuq id-dokumenti kollha titoli. Kull garanzija mogħtija numru b'tali mod li tkun faċilment identifikabbli.
Cutoff Frekwenza: Punt fejn ċikli frekwenza ogħla ma jgħaddi minn filtru (eż., SMA 10-jum se jelimina ċikli ta '20 jum jew anqas).
Ċiklu: Varjazzjoni fejn punt tar-ritorn ta 'osservazzjoni għall-oriġini tiegħu.
% D
Indikatur stochastics li kellu l-valuri tagħha mwittija-tieni darba, normalment bi tliet perjodu medja li tiċċaqlaq.
Kuljum Medda: Id-differenza bejn il-prezz għoli u baxx matul jum ta 'negozju wieħed.
Data Preprocessing
Tbiddel id-data sa ċertu punt tkun aktar preċiż analizzati; twittija, id-data tnaqqis mhux mixtieq, it-tendenza tneħħija. ipproċessar tad-data hija matematikament trasformazzjoni tad-data minn forma waħda għal ieħor bil-għan ta 'amplifikazzjoni informazzjoni rilevanti għall-kummerċjanti.
Bounce Cat Mejjet
A rebound fis-suq li jara l-prezzijiet jirkupraw u terga 'lura sa kemmxejn.
Debitu Ifrex: Id-differenza fil-valur ta 'żewġ għażliet, fejn il-valur tal-pożizzjoni fit-tul jaqbeż il-valur tal-pożizzjoni qasira.
Deduttiv Logic: Loġika tradizzjonalment użati fis-sistemi ta 'esperti, li jiddefinixxi metodu għall motivazzjoni mill-ġenerali għall-speċifiċi.
Deep-in-the-Flus-: A fond fil-opzjoni ta 'xiri l-flus għandha l-istrike price ta' l-għażla ferm taħt il-prezz attwali ta 'l-istrument sottostanti. A fond fil-put option l-flus għandha l-istrike price ta 'l-għażla fuq sew mill-prezz attwali ta' l-istrument sottostanti.
Gradi ta 'Libertà: In-numru ta 'osservazzjonijiet indipendenti; l-għadd ta' osservazzjonijiet nieqes l-għadd ta 'parametri li għandhom jiġu stmati.
Dewmien: L-ammont ta 'żmien li jgħaddi bejn il bidla fil avveniment input u l-bidla li tirriżulta fil-każ ta' produzzjoni relatata jew serje ta 'ħin.
Delta: L-ammont li bih il-prezz ta 'bidliet għażla għal kull mossa dollaru fl-istrument sottostanti.
Delta-Hedged: Strateġija għażliet li tipproteġi l-għażla kontra bidliet fil-prezz żgħar fl-istrument sottostanti l-għażla tal-. Dawn sisien tal-ħaxix huma mibnija billi jittieħed pożizzjoni fl-istrument sottostanti li hija ugwali tude magni iżda oppost fis (+/-) sinjal delta l-għażla tal-.
Delta Newtrali: Dan huwa għażliet "/ għażliet" jew "għażliet / istrument sottostanti" pożizzjoni mibnija b'tali mod li huwa reali ment insensittiva għall-moviment tal-prezz ta 'l-istrumenti sottostanti. Dan huwa organizzat mill tagħżel proporzjon ikkalkulat ta 'tpaċija pożizzjonijiet qosra u twal.
Delta-Pożizzjoni: Miżura ta 'prezz ta' għażla vs il-kuntratt tal-futuri sottostanti jew prezz tat-titoli.
Domanda Indiċi: Indiċi li turi l-xiri u bejgħ ta 'enerġija tas-swieq u l-ħażniet mill-Regolamenti kalkolu matematiku ta' volum u proporzjonijiet tal-prezz.
Densità Funzjoni: Għal kull miżura m, funzjoni li tagħti lok għal m, meta jkunu integrati fir-rigward ta 'xi miżura oħra speċifikati. Funzjoni densità probabbiltà hi funzjoni li integrali fuq kull sett tagħti l-probabbiltà li varjabbli każwali għandu valuri f'dan is-sett.
Dipendenza: Relazzjoni bejn żewġ riżultati sperimentali differenti li bihom l-ewwel riżultat ma jinfluwenzaw direttament il-possibbiltajiet tar-riżultat tat-tieni jseħħu, iżda minflok, iż-żewġ riżultati huma relatati indirettament ma minħabba li huma suġġetti għal influwenzi minn fattur estern komuni.
Derivattivi: kuntratti finanzjarji l-valur tagħhom jiddependu fuq il-valur tal-prodott istrument sottostanti, bonds, ekwità, munita jew taħlita.
Deterministiċi: Magħrufa minn qabel meta s-somma ta 'one-pass' il quddiem previżjoni tfisser żbalji kwadru huwa żero.
Deterministiċi: L-effett kontinwu fundamentali ta 'varjabbli esoġeni bħal provvista tal-flus li jistgħu jiġu tiskoraġġixxi sfruttat li jkunu ta' spjegazzjoni.
Deterministiċi Sistema: Sistema li fiha l-riżultat huwa ddeterminat minn ekwazzjoni; sistema li kawża u effett huwa faċilment determinata.
Detrend: Biex tneħħi l-drift ġenerali, tendenza, jew mgħawweġ ta 'sett ta' data statistika bħala relatati ma 'ħin.
Id-differenza fil-test tal-mezzi: Test statistika li tindika l-probabbiltà ta 'osservazzjoni tal-differenza jekk il-jvarjaw veru referenza kienu żero. Valur kbira ta 'din l-istatistika iwassal għal nonacceptance ta' l-ipoteżi nulla li d-differenza vera hija żero.
Differenzjar: Tnaqqis ta 'qabel mill-valuri attwali li jinkiseb wieqfa (detrended) serje ta' żmien: P stazzjonarji = pt - Pt-1.
Diffusion Ekwazzjoni: A ekwazzjoni differenzjali parzjali, użati biex issolvi problema walk każwali.
Diffusion Indiċi: Indiċi li jkejjel il-perċentwali ta 'serje individwali li huma pożittivi meta mqabbla mal-grupp aggregat li huwa, il-perċentwali ta' S & P-gruppi li huma 'l fuq 30-ġimgħa tagħhom li jiċċaqilqu medja.
Direzzjonali Moviment Indiċi (DMI)

Żviluppat minn J. Welles Wilder, ix-xejra DMI miżuri tas-suq.
Distribuzzjoni
Kull sett ta 'valuri relatati deskritti permezz ta' medja (jiġifieri, medja), li tidentifika punt tan-nofs tagħha, miżura tat-tixrid (jiġifieri, id-distribuzzjoni normali) u miżura ta 'forma tagħha (jiġifieri, jimmodifika jew kurtosis).
Diverġenza: Meta żewġ jew aktar medji jew indiċi jonqsu milli juru xejriet jikkonferma.
Dividend
ħlas istockholder ta 'sehem tal-profitti ta' kumpannija.
Pjan Investiment mill-ġdid Dividend
A programm offrut minn kumpannija pubblikament miżmuma li dividendi huma użati biex jixtru l-ishma aktar tal-kumpannija.
Doji: Sessjoni li fiha l-miftuħ u qrib l-istess (jew kważi l-istess). Different varieties of doji lines (such as a gravestone or long-legged doji) depend on where the opening and close are in relation to the entire range. Doji lines are among the most important individual candlestick lines. They are also components of important candlestick patterns.
Dollar Cost Averaging
Using the same amount of funds to regularly invest (often quarterly or monthly) and not take into consideration whether the securities being purchased are high or low in price. By using this method, an investor will see an average between their investment costs and the market's up and down movements.
Double Bottom (Top): The price action of a security or market average where it has declined (advanced) two times to the same approximate level, indicating the existence of a support (resistance) level and a possibility that the down ward (upward) trend has ended.
Double-Smoothed: A price series that has been smoothed by a mathematical technique such as a moving average. This first series of smoothed price data is then smoothed a second time.
Double Top: See Double Bottom. A price pattern seen on a chart. The patterns occurs when prices rise to a resistance level on significant volume, retreat to a support level, and subsequently return to the resistance level on decreased volume. Prices then decline and break through the support level, marking the beginning of a new downtrend in the price of the stock.
Drawdown: The reduction in account equity as a result of a trade or series of trades.
Drunkard's Walk: See Random walk.
Durbin-Watson Statistic: The probability that first order correlation exists. With a range between zero and 4, the closer to 2.0, the lower the probability is.
Dynamic Data Exchange: Ability to automatically update an application from within another application.
Dynamic Linked Language
Refers to programming code that can be used (”called”) by your main program while running under Windows.
Early Entry: A large price movement in one direction within the first 15 minutes after the open of the daily session.
Earnings Estimates
The estimated earnings projected for a company for a fiscal year.
Efficient Market Theory: All known information is already discounted by the market and reflected in the price due to market participants acting upon the information.
Elastiċità: L-abilità li jirkupra konfigurazzjoni oriġinali.
Komunikazzjonijiet Elettroniċi Netwerk
sistemi eżekuzzjoni Indipendenti stabbiliti mid-ditti ta 'senserija, tqabbil ta' ordnijiet ġodda bl-imnut ta 'limitu bil-ordnijiet kompatibbli diġà fis-sistema.
Teorija mewġ Elliott: A teknika tal-mudell tal-rikonoxximent ppubblikati mill Ralph Nelson Elliott fl-1939, li tqis li l-istokk tas-suq issegwi ritmu jew ix-xejra ta 'ħames mewġ sa u tlieta mewġ sa jiffurmaw ċiklu komplet ta' tmien mewġ. Il-mewġ tlieta huma msemmija bħala korrezzjoni "tal-preċedenti ħames mewġ sa.
EMA: Ara esponenzjali Medja Nimxu.
Engulfing Pattern: Fit-terminoloġija gandlier, multiplu gandlier linja mudell; sinjal qlib maġġuri żewġ korpi opposti-kulur reali li jiffurmaw il-mudell. (Imsejjaħ ukoll bħala tsutsumi.)
Pakkett: Linji tal-madwar ta 'indiċi jew indikatur li huwa meded kummerċ,.
Dħul
Il-punt li fih kummerċjant madankollu jkollu fis-pożizzjoni fis-suq.
Ekwilibriju tas-Suq: Reġjun tal-prezzijiet li jirrapreżenta bilanċ bejn id-domanda u l-provvista.
Equivolume Chart: Maħluqa mill-Armi W. Richard, ċart li fiha l-assi vertikali huwa l-firxa għolja baxxa għal kull jum, waqt li l-assi orizzontali tirrappreżenta l-volum ta 'ishma ta' stock jew in-numru ta 'kuntratti nnegozjati għall-jum. L-għan tal-mappa huwa li jenfasizzaw ir-relazzjoni bejn il-prezz u l-volum.
ERISA
L-Att Irtirar Impjegat Sigurtà Dħul.
EPS Stima Bidla: (%) Bidla fid-dħul medju stmat għas-sena fiskali kurrenti mill-aħħar xahar, l-aħħar tliet xhur u l-aħħar sitt xhur biex il-xahar kurrenti.
Eurodollar: Dollaru depożitati fil-banek barranin, ma 'l-kuntratt tal-futuri li jirriflettu r-rati offruti bejn il-fergħat ta' Londra ta 'banek Amerikani fuq u banek barranin.
Evening Star Pattern: Il-kontroparti bearish tal-mudell istilla għodu; treġġigħ lura fuq, għandu jkun aġixxa fuq jekk din toħroġ wara uptrend.
-Nnegozjati Fondi Skambju: Kollezzjonijiet tal-ħażniet li huma mixtrija u mibjugħa bħala pakkett fuq bdil, prinċipalment il-Borża ta 'l-Amerika (AMEX), iżda wkoll il-New York (NYSE) u l-Għażliet ta' Chicago Bord Skambju (CBOE).
Ex-Dividend Data: Il-jum jew wara li d-dritt li jirċievu dividend attwali mhix awtomatikament trasferita lil xerrej.
Eżerċizzju: Il-proċess li permezz tiegħu d-detentur ta 'għażla jagħmel jew jirċievi kunsinna ta' ishma ta 'l sigurta `titoli sottostanti.
Ħruġ
Il-punt li fih jagħlaq kummerċjant barra mill-kummerċ.
Sistemi Espert: Dinamiku, iżda mhux adattati, sistemi esperti huma sistemi regola mmexxija li ma jistgħux jitgħallmu bħala riżultat ta 'tagħrif ġdid jiġu mitmugħin fis-sistema tagħha kuntrarju ta' netwerks newrali, li jista '.
Skadenza: L-aħħar ġurnata li fiha għażla jistgħu jiġu nnegozjati.
Spjegat: It-tnaqqis relattiv fil-varjazzjoni ta 'Y varjabbli li jistgħu jiġu attribwiti għal għarfien ta' X varjabbli u r-relazzjoni tagħha li Y.
Esponenzjali Tħaffif: A metodu matematiku-istatistika ta 'tbassir li jassumi l-azzjoni futuri tal-prezz huwa medja ppeżata ta' perjodi passati; serje matematika li aktar piż hija mogħtija għal azzjoni tal-prezz aktar reċenti.
Sistemi Espert: Dinamiku, iżda mhux adattati, sistemi esperti huma sistemi regola mmexxija li ma jistgħux jitgħallmu bħala riżultat ta 'tagħrif ġdid jiġu mitmugħin fis-sistema tagħha kuntrarju ta' netwerks newrali, li jista '. Aktar ta 'suċċess fl-applikazzjonijiet finanzjarji fejn regoli li jirregolaw huma konsistenti.
Estremi: L-ogħla jew irħas prezz matul kwalunkwe perjodu ta 'żmien, prezz estrema; fil-Profil Suq CBOT, l-ogħla / prezzijiet aktar baxxi-testijiet suq matul jum ta' negozju.
Statistika F: Il-proporzjon tal-varjazzjoni spjegata permezz ta 'trattament għall-varjanza mhux mistennija.
Fade: Bejgħ bi prezz jogħlew jew ix-xiri bi prezz li jaqgħu. Negozjant fading ta 'ftuħ għandu jkun qasir, per eżempju.
Nuqqas Bandli: L-inabbiltà ta 'prezz biex jaffermaw mill-ġdid ta' livell għoli ġdid fi uptrend jew baxxa ġdida fi xejriet negattivi.
Nuqqas: Fit-teorija tal-mewġ Elliott, mudell ta 'ħames mewġa ta' moviment li fih il-mewġa impuls ħames jonqos milli jimxi fuq l-aħħar tat-tielet, jew fejn il-mewġ ħames ma jkunx fiha l-subwaves ħames.
Ġusta Valuri: Il-prezzijiet teoretiku iġġenerat minn mudell għażla ta 'prezz (jiġifieri, l-Iswed-Scholes għażla prezz mudell).
Fourier Transform Fast: A method by which to decompose data into a sum of sinusoids of varying cycle length, with each cycle being a fraction of a common fundamental cycle length.
Fast Market: A declaration that market conditions in the futures pit are so disorderly temporarily to the extent that floor brokers are not held responsible for the execution of orders.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
A self-sustaining, independent executive agency established to insure deposits of all US banks entitled to federal deposit insurance, as stated by the Federal Reserve Act.
Federal Reserve Bank
The governing central bank of the US.
Federal Open Market Committee
The policymaking committee of the Federal Reserve Bank. They meet on a regular basis to make decisions on economic policy.
Feedforward Computation: Neural network in which neurons receive information only from the previous layer and send outputs only to the following layer.
Fibonacci Ratio: The ratio between any two successive numbers in the Fibonacci sequence, known as phi (f). The ratio of any number to the next higher number is approximately 0.618 (known as the Golden Mean or Golden Ratio), and to the lower number approximately 1.618 (the inverse of the Golden Mean), after the first four numbers of the series. The three important ratios the series provides are 0.618, 1.0 and 1.618.
Fibonacci Sequence: The sequence of numbers (0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233…), discovered by the Italian mathematician Leonardo de Pisa in the 13th century and the mathematical basis of the Elliott wave theory, where the first two terms of the sequence are 0 and 1 and each successive number in the sequence is the sum of the previous two numbers. Technically, it is a sequence and not a series.
Fill: An executed order; sometimes the term refers to the price at which an order is executed.
Fill Order: An order that must be filled immediately (or canceled).
Filter Point: The time at which a portfolio insurance program makes an adjusting trade.
Filter: A device or program that separates data, signal or information in accordance with specified criteria.
Fire: (verb) In expert system programming, ordinarily used to describe the “triggering” or “activation” of a rule. A rule is “fired,” “triggered” or “activated” when its conditions have been met, and its “consequents” (resultant facts) are added to the knowledge base.
Fit Criterion: A quantitative comparable measure used to minimize model errors.
5% Confidence: Before conducting statistical tests, an analyst must select a confidence level that will be used to determine when to accept the null hypothesis. A 5% confidence level indicates that one is not willing to accept the null hypothesis when the average net return calculated from the sample could have occurred in only five of 100 samples if the null hypothesis were true.
Flaglike: Sideways market price action that has a slight drift in price counter to the direction of the main trend; a consolidation phase.
Flash Fill
Order filled immediately by hand signal on the trading floor.
Float: The number of shares currently available for trading.
Floor Traders: Employees of brokerage firms working on exchange trading floors.
Flyers: Speculative or high-risk trades.
Forecast Origin: The most recent historical period for which data is used to build a forecasting model. The next time period is the first forecast period.
Forward-Rate Agreements (FRAs): Cash payments are made daily as the spot rate varies above or below an agreed -upon forward rate and can be hedged with Eurodollar futures.
Fractal Dimension: From fractal geometry, used to describe the irregular nature of lines, curves, planes or volumes.
Fractals: Depiction of mathematical models that may be applied to identify data patterns.
Framing or Frame Dependence
Behavioral finance. The tendency to evaluate current decisions within the framework in which they have been presented. Making decisions based on perceptions of risk/return rather than pure risk and return. The usual example is categorization of where money comes from and what it is “assigned” to instead of recognizing its fungibility. The alternative is to speak of frame independence, wherein behavior is not influenced by how the decision is framed. Examples are loss aversion, hedonic editing, loss of self-control, regret, and money illusion.
Frekwenza: In-numru ta 'ċikli kompleti osservati għal kull perjodu ta' żmien (jiġifieri, ċikli kull sena).
Frekwenza Komponent: Dik il-parti ta 'serje ta' żmien li jistgħu jkunu rappreżentati bħala ċiklu.
Distribuzzjoni Frekwenza: A chart li turi n-numru ta 'drabi (jew "frekwenza") fih avveniment jiġri għal kull valur possibbli tal-avveniment. Il vertikali jew y-axis ta 'l-tabella huwa l-assi frekwenza u l-orizzontali jew assi-X juri l-valuri differenti l-varjabbli li jkun qiegħed jitkejjel jistgħu jieħdu.
Frekwenza Dominju: Varjazzjoni fl-serje temporali huwa dovut għal komponenti ċikliċi fi frekwenzi differenti.
Reazzjoni għall-frekwenza: The transfer of the frequency of the underlying data, usually prices, to the frequency of its moving average.
Front-Loaded: Commission and fees taken out of investment capital before the money is put to work.
Front Month: The first expiration month in a series of months.
Front-Running
The practice of trading ahead of large orders to take advantage of favorable price movement. Brokers are prohibited from this practice.
Fundamental Analysis: The analytical method by which only the sales, earnings and the value of a given tradable's assets may be considered.
Fundamentals: The theory that holds that stock market activity may be predicted by looking at the relative data and statistics of a stock as well as the management of the company in question and its earnings.
Future Volatility: A prediction of what volatility may be like in the future.
Fuzzy Systems: A problem-solving method that can be applied to neural networks, expert systems and other comput ing methods. Fuzzy systems process inexact information inexactly and describe ambiguity rather than the uncer tainty of an occurrence and are useful in performing control and decision-making tasks. Not Boolean

Gamma

The degree by which the delta changes with respect to changes in the underlying instrument's price.

Gann's Square of 9

A trading tool that relates numbers, such as a stock price, to degrees on a circle.

Gann Theory

tekniki analitiċi Diversi żviluppati mill leġġendarju negozjant DĦ Gann.

Gap

A jum li fih il-medda ta 'kuljum hija kompletament fuq jew taħt firxa ta' kuljum tal-jum preċedenti.

Ġenetika algoritmi

Algoritmi li tikkopja l-karatteristiċi marbuta ma 'l-evoluzzjoni u li huma sew adattati għal problemi ottimizzazzjoni bħal ottimizzazzjoni parametri netwerk newrali.

Ġenetika Programmazzjoni

Fil-intelliġenza artifiċjali, din il-forma ta 'programmazzjoni awtomatikament jiġġenera programm minn sett ta' primitive kostruzzjoni.

Agħti-up

Meta sensar tesegwixxi ordni għall-klijent ieħor tas-sensar u l-sensara żewġ jaqsam il-kummissjoni; l-klijent iħallas xejn żejjed.

Golden jew Golden Ratio Medja

Il-proporzjon ta 'kwalunkwe żewġ numri konsekuttivi fis-sekwenza Fibonacci, magħrufa bħala Phi u ugwali għal 0.618; proporzjon li huwa fenomenu importanti fil-mużika, arti, arkitettura u l-bijoloġija.

Golden Taqsima

Kwalunkwe tul maqsuma b'tali mod li l-proporzjon ta 'l-iżgħar għall-parti akbar huwa ekwivalenti għall-proporzjon bejn l-akbar parti u l-intier u huwa dejjem 0.618.

Griegi

Lingwaġġ; terminu laxka enkapsulaw sett ta 'varjabbli ta' riskju jintuża wkoll minn negozjanti għażliet.

Gross Domestic Product

Value of all goods and services produced domestically.

Growth Fund

A more speculative mutual fund made up primarily of the growth or performance stocks that are expected to appreciate in price more than the broad market over an extended time period.

Guaranteed Investment Contracts (GICs)

A single lump-sum deposit that earns a guaranteed interest until a known maturity date. GICs are issued by insurance companies.

Harami

In candlestick terminology, a small real body contained within a relatively long real body.

Head and Shoulders

When the middle price peak of a given tradable is higher than those around it.

Hedge Fund

A mutual fund involving speculative investing in stocks and options.

Herrick Payoff Index

An index requiring two inputs, one of which is a smoothing factor known as the multiplying factor and the other of which is the value of a one-cent move.

Heuristic Bias

The use of rules of thumb for decisions.

Heuristic Metodu

Soluzzjoni ta 'problemi avviċinat minn jippruvaw metodi differenti u t-tqabbil li pro vides l-aħjar soluzzjoni.

Heuristics

(Xjenza tal-kompjuter) regoli ta 'komputazzjoni ta' thumb. Distinti minn algoritmi, li huma programmi garanziji teed biex jiġġeneraw riżultati tajba iċ-ċirkostanzi kollha, jistgħu biss heuristics 'jirriżulta li jkun korrett ċertu persentaġġ tal-ħin.

għoqda Hidden

Elementi li jagħtu netwerk newrali l-kapaċità li jitgħallmu l-mudelli mhux lineari. Il-matematika lymph moħbija ematically jittrasformaw l-inputs billi jgħaddu ammonti peżata ta 'dawk l-inputs permezz funzjonijiet mhux lineari.

Ġerarkiċi Netwerk newrali

Fl-intelliġenza artifiċjali, netwerk tan-nervi li tbassir derivati minn netwerks fuq livell wieħed ta 'l-ġerarkija jiġu inkorporati bħala inputs fuq livell ieħor. Din l-arkitettura jippresta ruħu għal taħriġ aktar malajr, minħabba li kull netwerk tiffoka biss fuq it-tagħlim produzzjoni tagħha stess.

Għoli Pass Iffiltra Frekwenza

Filtru detrending li tikri jgħaddu l-ħoss ta 'frekwenza għolja u tiċħad it-tendenza frekwenza baxxa. Implimentati mill-ewwel applikazzjoni ta 'filtru low pass għad-data, allura tnaqqas id-data ffiltrata mid-data oriġinali.

High-mmarkata

To pay the offered price.

Hines Ratio

A modified put/call ratio that refines traditional option ratio analysis by including the open interest figures in the equation and can be defined as (Total put volume/Total put open interest) divided by (Total call volume/Total call open interest)

Historic Volatility

How much contract price has fluctuated over a period of time in the past; usually calculated by taking a standard deviation of price changes over a time period.

Historical Data

A series of past daily, weekly or monthly market prices (open, high, low, close, volume, open inter est).

Hook Day

A trading day in which the open is above/below the previous day's high/low and the close is below/above the previous day's close with narrow range.

Implied Alpha

The excess return expected from a stock to justify its current weighing in the portfolio.

Implied Volatility

The volatility computed using the actual market prices of an option contract and one of a number of pricing models. For example, if the market price of an option rises without a change in the price of the underlying stock or future, implied volatility will have risen.

Impulse

A sharply defined change in a series of input data being studied, such as market prices or volume.

Impulse Wave

A wave or cycle of waves that carries the current trend further in the same direction.

In Play

A stock that is the focus of a public bidding contest, as in a takeover or bear raid.

In-the-Money

Għażla sejħa li strajk prezz huwa aktar baxx mill-istokk jew futuri tal-prezz, jew put option li strajk prezz huwa ogħla mill-istokk sottostanti jew futuri tal-prezz tal-. Per eżempju, meta l-prezz komodità $ 500, għażla sejħa bil-istrike price ta '$ 400 hija kkunsidrata il-flus.

Dividendi Dħul

Ħlasijiet lill-azzjonisti reċiproku fond jikkonsisti dividendi, interessi u l-qligħ kapitali għal żmien qasir meħud fuq portafoll tal-fond wara t-tnaqqis mill-ispejjeż operattivi.

Indiċi Fond

A fond reċiproku li repliki l-imġiba ta 'indiċi speċifika.

Induttivi Logic

Il-progress mid-dikjarazzjonijiet li jiddeskrivu avvenimenti partikolari għal dikjarazzjoni ġenerali.

Inefficient Markets

Behavioral finance. Driven by frame dependence and heuristic bias, when market prices stray from fundamental values.

Initial Balance

The first or first two half-hour trading periods in the CBOT Market Profile during which prices tend to converge; the initial auction of the trading day.

Initial Public Offering

When a stock is officially available for the public to buy.

Inside Day

A day in which the daily price range is completely within the previous day's daily price range.

Interest Rate Swaps

An arrangement that requires both sides of the transaction to make payments to each other based on two different interest rates. The most commonly traded requires one side to pay a fixed rate and the other to pay a floating rate.

Intermarket Analysis

Observing the price movement of one market for the purpose of evaluating a different market.

Intrinsic Value

The portion of an option's premium that is represented when the cash market price is greater than the exercise price; a known constant equal to the difference between the strike price and underlying market price.

Investment Clubs

Small, private organizations in which a group of investors, usually novices, pool their time and resources to learn more than they could on their own about various forms of investments and then invest their own money as a group.

IRA

Individual Retirement Account. An employer's retirement plan that, as specified by tax law, allows employees to elect to have their federal taxable income be deducted and set aside for retirement.

Irregular Flat

A type of Elliott wave correction that has a 3-3-5 wave pattern, where the B wave terminates beyond the start of wave A. A “flat” is in progress, implying that a larger pattern is developing. It will contain waves of one higher degree than the ABC waves just completed.

Island

Electronic communications network.

January Effect

The tendency for securities prices to recover in January after tax-related selling is completed before the year-end.

Jumbo Certificate of Deposit

A CD worth at least $100,000.

Kagi

One of three types of Japanese candlestick charts that does not have time on the horizontal axis.

Kalman Filters

A linear system in which the mean squared error between the desired and the actual output is minimized when the input is a random signal.

Kelly's Law

Bet bigger when the odds are in your favor. In management wisdom, if anything does go wrong, it will do so in triplicate. Also, an executive will always go back to work early if no one takes him.

Knowledge Base

In artificial intelligence, a given inventory of knowledge specific to a set of rules.

Kondratieff, Nikolai

Developer of a wave theory.

KST

Indicator developed by Martin Pring. A weighted summed rate of change oscillator. Four different rates of change are calculated, smoothed, multiplied by weights and then summed to form one indicator.

Kurtosis

Descriptive measure of how flat or pointed a distribution is.

Lag

The number of data points that a filter, such as a moving average, follows or trails the input price data.

Latest Quarterly Earnings

(%) The percentage change from the latest earnings earnings reported compared with the same quarter a year earlier.

Law of Series

A succession of random events, such as flipping a coin.

Lead

The number of data points that a filter, much as a moving average, precedes the input price data.

LEAPS

Acronym for long-term equity anticipation securities , which are long-term listed options, with maturities that can be as long as two and a half years.

Least Squares Method

A technique of fitting a curve close to some given points that minimizes the sum of the squares of the deviations of the given points from the curve.

Leg

One side of a spread.

Leg Out

In rolling forward in futures, a method that would result in liquidating a position.

Limit Move

A change in price that exceeds the limits set by the exchange on which the contract is traded.

Limit Order

An order to buy or sell when a price is fixed.

Limit Up, Limit Down

Commodity exchange restrictions on the maximum upward or downward movements permit ted in the price for a commodity during any trading session day.

LISP

A programming language based on predicate logic and is the one most commonly used in artificial intelligence applications.

Ljung-Box statistic

A chi-square test of significance of higher order correlation existence. The marginal significance level is the probability that a no more higher order correlation exists.

Load

Commission and fees taken out of investment capital; that is, the situation in which a front-loaded mutual fund takes commission and fees out of investment capital before the money is put to work.

Local

The trader in a pit of a commodity exchange who buys and sells for his or her account.

Locked Limit

A market that, if not restricted, would seek price equilibrium outside the limit but, instead, moves to the limit and ceases to trade.

Long

Establishing ownership of the responsibilities of a buyer of a tradable; holding securities in anticipation of a price increase in that security.

Lookback Interval

The number of periods of historical data used for observation and calculation.

Low Pass Frequency Filter

A data smoother or filter that lets pass low frequency trend sinusoids and rejects high frequency noise ( see SMA).

Low-Ticking

To sell at the bid price.

MACD

See Moving Average Convergence/Divergence.

Macro

A computer method commonly used in spreadsheets to automate repetitive steps by recording the necessary keystrokes. The macro can then be run and the keystrokes implemented.

Major Auction

The overall trend of the market such as might be observed on a bar chart.

Managed Futures

A fund that uses the futures market as its primary asset.

Mandelbrot Set

Complex but structured pattern produced by an equation in which the result is fed back into the equation repeatedly; self-similarity.

Mapping

A function, or relation between values.

Margin

In stock trading, an account in which purchase of stock may be financed with borrowed money; in futures trading, the deposit placed with the clearinghouse to assure fulfillment of the contract. This amount varies daily and is settled in cash.

Marginal Significance Level of Test-Statistics

The probability distribution used to test the hypothesis that the beta coefficient does not equal zero. A T-statistic of approximately 1.65 reflects a 0.90 or 90% confidence and the mar ginal significance is 1-0.90 = 0.1 or 10%.

Marked to Market

At the end of each business day the open positions carried in an account held at a brokerage firm are credited or debited funds based on the settlement price of the open positions that day.

Market Breadth

The shares of a particular stock traded during a specific period. Usually refers to the overall strength and trading volume of the market.

Market If Touched

Resting order with the floor broker that becomes a market order to be executed if the trigger price is traded.

Market Maker

A broker or bank continually prepared to make a two-way price to purchase or sell for a security or currency.

Market on Close

An order specification that requires the broker to get the best price available on the close of trading, usually during the last five minutes of trading.

Market Order

Instructions to the broker to immediately sell to the best available bid or to buy from the best available offer.

Market Risk

The uncertainty of returns attributable to fluctuation of the entire market.

Market Sentiment

Crowd psychology, typically a measurement of bullish or bearish attitudes among investors and traders.

Market Timing

Using analytical tools to devise entry and exit methods.

Market Value

Company value determined by investors, obtained by multiplying the current price of company stock by the common shares outstanding.

Markov Chain

A set of processes where the probabilities for the next state are dependent on the present state.

Martingale

From roulette; a tactical system that requires doubling your bet after each loss, so that winning once you recoup the amount originally bet.

MATIF

The Marche A Terme Des Instruments Financiers exchange in Paris.

Maxima

The highest or maximum value.

Maximax

Optimistic decision-making that identifies the decision alternative with the best possible outcomes.

Maximin

Pessimistic decision-making that identifies the decision alternative with the worst possible outcomes.

Maximum Adverse Excursion

A historical measurement of the closed losing trades versus the closed profitable trades of a trading system. Used to determine the stop-loss level that can be used that will allow winning trades to remain; the extreme unfavorable price level reached for both profitable and unprofitable trades.

Maximum Entropy Method

More flexible than Fourier analysis, the maximum entropy method is both a tool for spectrum analysis and a method of adaptive filtering and trend forecasting. As a tool for spectrum analysis, the MEM system can provide high resolution spectra for identifying the dominant data cycles within relatively short time series, such as open, high, low, close, volume and open interest, or study results, such as RSI, TRIX, and so on. (Fourier analysis, in contrast, gives best results when applied to time series of six months or longer.) As a forecasting tool, MEM is used in conjunction with moving averages to forecast lower and upper trend channels in the data.

Maximum Entropy Spectrum Analysis

See Maximum Entropy Method.

Mean

When the sum of the values is divided by the number of observation.

Mean Deviation

The average absolute value of the difference between the population of numbers and the mean.

Mean P/L

The average profitability of a trader's account, as measured over a given period.

Mean Return

The average monthly total return of a stock. The total return is price change added to dividends.

Mean Reverting

The term adopted in academic literature for one possible state of a price series: that state when price is oscillating randomly about some (unknown) mean value. That is, it is not trending.

Median Line

The line that is drawn from an extreme that bisects a line drawn through the next corrective phase after the pivot point. See Andrews Method.

MEM

See Maximum Entropy Method.

Mental Stop-Loss

A stop-loss order kept in your head instead of instructing your broker.

MESA

See Maximum Entropy Spectrum Analysis.

Minima

The lowest or minimum value.

Minor Auction

The latest trend of the market, ie, what it is doing now.

Mode

The most frequently occurring value.

Model

Equation.

Modern Portfolio Theory

Investing theory in which portfolio managers estimate and manage risk and return.

Modified Endowment Contract

Life insurance in which funds such as policy loans, assignments, pledges, and partial surrenders are considered gross income and subject to income tax.

Momentum

A time series representing change of today's price from some fixed number of days back in history.

Momentum Filter

A measure of change, derivative or slope of the underlying trend in a time series. Implemented by first applying a low pass filter to the data and then applying a differencing operation to the results.

Momentum Indicator

A market indicator utilizing price and volume statistics for predicting the strength or weakness of a current market and any overbought or oversold conditions, and to note turning points within the market.

Money Flow

A number of technical indicators that incorporate volume and price action to measure buying or selling pressure.

Money Market

The market in which dealers trade riskless, short-term securities such as certificates of deposit and Treasury bills.

Money Market Fund

A mutual fund made up of money market instruments that are short term in nature.

Money Stop

A fixed amount of money that a market participant would lose if a stop were hit.

Monowave

In Elliott wave theory, a single wave within a range of waves.

Morning Star

A bottom reversal pattern, according to Steve Nison a signal that the bulls have seized control.

Moving Average

A mathematical procedure to smooth or eliminate the fluctuations in data and to assist in determin ing when to buy and sell. Moving averages emphasize the direction of a trend, confirm trend reversals and smooth out price and volume fluctuations or “noise” that can confuse interpretation of the market; the sum of a value plus a selected number of previous values divided by the total number of values.

Moving Average Crossovers

The point where the various moving average lines intersect each other or the price line on a moving average price bar chart. Technicians use crossovers to signal price-based buy and sell opportunities.

Moving Average Model

A time series equation representing an observed value at time t as a linear combination of present and past random shocks et (forecast errors).

Moving Average Convergence/ Divergence (MACD)

The crossing of two exponentially smoothed moving averages that are plotted above and below a zero line. The crossover, movement through the zero line, and divergences generate buy and sell signals.

Moving Window

Snapshot of a portion of a time series at an instant in time. The window is moved along the time series at a constant rate.

MFT Indicators

Muti Time Frame indicators For Metatrader. These are indicators which can be applied to one time period on a chart but refect changes on a different selected time period.

Multicolinearity

Two variables that have a correlation of greater than 0.70 or less than -0.70 in a regression model. The final result is the two variables explaining the same portion of variation where either variable would be suffi cient.

Multiple Linear Regression

More than one independent variable is used to account for the variability in one depen dent variable.

Mutual Fund

A company that invests money of its shareholders in a variety of areas, usually stocks.

Naked Put

The writer of a put option contract who is not short the underlying security.

Narrow Range Day

A trading day with a smaller price range relative to the previous day's price range.

National Association of Investors Corporation

Also known as the National Association of Investment Clubs.

Near-Month Contract/Far-Month Contract

Contract whose expiration is near/far.

Near-the-Money

An option with a strike price close to the current price of the underlying tradable.

Neckline

A trendline drawn along the support or resistance points of various reversal and consolidation pattern (ie, head and shoulder, double and triple top/bottom formations).

Negative Amortization

This means that a payment of the stated size is insufficient to repay even the interest on the debt, meaning the total debt actually increases each month instead of falling.

Negative Divergence

When two or more averages, indices or indicators fail to show confirming trends.

Net Asset Value

The total market value of all securities contained in a mutual fund; also known as price per share.

Neural Network

An artificial intelligence program that is capable of learning through a training process of trial and error.

No-Action Letter

The Federal Reserve, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) agrees to take no action to block a proposal by an exchange or company in conducting some aspect of the securities business. The aspect could be for almost anything, but the most common is a new contract listing or a new security issuance.

No-Load

Without any sales charge. For mutual funds, shares sold at net asset value.

Noise

Price and volume fluctuations that can confuse interpretation of market direction.

Noisy Signal

A signal in which the effects of random influences cannot be dismissed.

Nonlinear Dynamics Analysis

Analysis of relationships that start from well-defined outcomes to complex and cha otic results.

Nonlinear Statistics

Statistics theory that attempts to define probability distribution from disorder to either a more orderly state or a sharp trend reversal, such as stock market fluctuations.

Non-Seasonal Autocorrelation

Autocorrelation that shows up other than at 12-month lag intervals.

Non-Trend Day

A narrow range day lacking any discernible movement in either direction.

Normal Distribution

For the purposes of statistical testing, the simulated net returns are assumed to be drawn from a particular distribution. If net returns are drawn from a normal distribution, low and high returns are equally likely, and the most likely net return in a quarter is the average net return.

Normalized

Adjusting a time series so that the series lies in a prescribed normal, standard range.

Notice Day

The day that a notice of intent to deliver is issued to a futures contract holder.

Null Hypothesis

The hypothesis that there is no validity to the specific claim that two variations (treatments) of the same thing can be distinguished by a specific procedure.

Observer

A concept used in radar research, applicable to trading, in how often and what manner detection or radar contact is achieved.

OBV

See On-Balance Volume.

Odd Lot

An order to buy/sell fewer than 100 shares of stock.

Off Farm

The amount of stocks held by nonproducers including supplies held at mills, elevators, terminals, and processors.

On Farm

The amount of stocks held by producers.

On-Balance Volume

Plotted as a line representing the cumulative total of volume. The volume from a day's trading with a higher close when compared with the previous day is assigned a positive value, while volume on a lower close from the previous day is assigned a negative value. Traders look for a confirmation of a trend in OBV with the market or a divergence between the two as an indication of a potential reversal.

One-Tailed T-Test

A statistical test of significance for a distribution that changes its shape as N gets smaller; based on a variable t , equal to the difference between the mean of the sample and the mean of the population divided by a result obtained by dividing the standard deviation of the sample by the square root of the number of individuals in the sample.

OPEC

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Opening Print The first price of a stock that comes across the ticker for the session.

Open Trades

Current trades that are still held active in the customer's account.

Opening Call

A period at the opening of a futures market in which the price for each contract is established by outcry.

Opening Range

The range of prices that occur during the first 30 seconds to five minutes of trading, depending on the preference of the individual analyst.

Opportunity Costs

Income foregone by the commitment of resources to another use.

Optimization

A methodology by which a system is developed with rules tailored to fit the data in question precisely.

Option

A contract that provides the right but not the obligation to buy or sell a specified amount of a security within a specified time period.

Optional Cash Purchase

Buying additional shares made through the dividend reinvestment account.

Order

The number of days of past price history used to predict the following day's price.

Oscillator

Technical indicator used to identify overbought and oversold price regions. An indicator that detrends data, such as price.

Out-of-Sample

An item within the range of a sample that does not conform to the mean of the sample.

Out-of-the-Money

A call option whose exercise price is above the current market price of the underlying security or futures contract. For example, if a commodity price is $500, then a call option purchased for a strike price of $550 is considered out-of-the-money.

Out Trade

A mismatched trade between two traders in the pit, and which is settled the next day.

Outdata

The result (singular) stemming from a statistical test.

Outlier

A value removed from the other values to such an extreme that its presence cannot be attributed to the random combination of chance causes.

Outside Reversal Month

A month in which the recent monthly trading range exceeds the previous month's range and closes opposite (reverses) the previous month's close.

Overbought

Market prices that have risen too steeply and too fast.

Overfitting

The parameters of a trading system are selected to return the highest profit over the historical data.

Overfitting

A model developed with rules tailored to fit the historical data precisely.

Overshoot

To pass beyond or over a specific targeted level.

Oversold

Market prices that have declined too steeply and too fast.

Overbought/Oversold Indicator

An indicator that attempts to define when prices have moved too far and too fast in either direction and thus are vulnerable to a reaction.

Par

The full principal amount of an investment instrument.

Parabola

The U-shaped curve in the plane given by the equation of the form

Parabolic

Of, having the form of or relating to a parabola.

Parameter

A variable, set of data, or rule that establishes a precise format for a model.

Pareto's Law

A law that states that 80% of results come from 20% of the effort.

PASCAL

Block-structured programming language developed originally as an aid to instruction, now widely used for applications development.

Pennants

A short compact wedge accompanied by receding volume.

Percentile

A value on a scale of one hundred that indicates the percent of a distribution that is equal to or below it.

Perceptron

A pattern-recognition machine, based on an analogy to the human nervous system, capable of learning by means of a feedback system that reinforces correct answers and discourages wrong ones.

Pessimistic Rate of Return

A statistic that adjusts the usual wins/losses statistic to estimate the worst return from trading results. It reduces the number of wins by the square root of the actual number and increase the number of losses by the square root of the actual number of losses. The resulting numbers of wins or losses are multiplied by the average win or loss and the sum of the resulting wins/losses is divided by the required investment.

Phase Delay

The time lag that a filter falls behind the pre-filtered data.

Phasor

Used to describe the frequency, amplitude, and phase of all frequency components of the signal.

Pivot Point

In market activity, a price reversal point.

Point and Figure Chart

A price-only chart that plots up prices as Xs and down prices as Os. The minimum price recorded is called the box size . Typically, a three-box reversal indicates a change in the direction of prices.

Position Management Ratio

The ratio of profits extracted on winning transactions versus losses suffered on trades that liquidate unprofitably.

Premium

The price a buyer pays to an option writer for granting an option contract.

Preprocessing

Altering data to some extent to be more accurately analyzed; smoothing, reducing unwanted data, removing trend. Processing data is mathematically transforming the data from one form into another with the goal of amplifying the pertinent information for traders.

Prewhitening

Removing the bulk of first, second and possibly third order autocorrelations using non-linear regres sion.

Price/Earnings Ratio

Stock price divided by annual earnings per share.

Price to Sales Ratio

The price of a stock divided by sales-per-share of the company in the most recent fiscal year.

Probability Density Function

A graph showing the probability of occurrence of a particular data point (price).

Profit Margin Expansion

In long-term reference, a measure of a company's net profit margin in the latest reported quarter divided by profit margin in the fiscal year previous. In short-term reference, a measure of a company's net profit margin in the latest reported quarter divided by profit margin in the quarter immediately preceding.

Profit Taking

Selling tradables that have appreciated since initial purchase in order to take advantage of the appreciation.

Program Trading

Trades based on signals from computer programs, usually entered directly from the trader's com puter to the market's computer system.

Prospectus

Report published by the company that operates a mutual fund. It describes the fund's investment objectives; its managers and their experience; the fees and charges associated with the fund; and policies and restrictions.

Put Option

A contract to sell a specified amount of a stock or commodity at an agreed time at the stated exercise price.

Pyramid

To increase holdings that an investor has by using the most buying power available in a margin account with paper and real profits.

Quarterly Earnings Change

(%) Historical earnings change between the earnings most recently reported and the quarter preceding.

Quarterly Net Profit Margin

(%) Net operating earnings after taxes for the latest quarter divided by revenues for the quarter.

Quick Ratio

Indicates a company's financial strength; a company's cash and equivalent divided by current liabili ties.

Quotron

A proprietary financial data service.

R-squared

The percentage of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the regression equation. A relative measure of fit.

Rally Tops

A price level that concludes a short-term rally in an ongoing trend. A bull market will be made up of a series of rally tops.

Random Shock

The unexplained component of an equation that models a time series (e forecast errors).

Random Walk

A theory that says there is no sequential correlation between prices from one day to the next, that prices will act unpredictably as they seek a level in response to supply and demand.

Range

The difference between the high and low price during a given period.

Range Extension

In the CBOT Market Profile, a price movement beyond the range set by the initial auction.

Rate of Change

In which today's closing price is divided by the closing price n days ago. Multiply by 100. Subtract 100 from this value. ((C today/Cn) * 100) – 100.

Ratio

The relation that one quantity bears to another of the same kind, with respect to magnitude or numerical value.

RBAR-squared

The R-squared value adjusted for the number of degrees of freedom.

Reaction

A short-term decline in price.

Realized/Unrealized P/L

The difference between trading revenues that are generated on positions that have been offset and closed, versus those associated with the marking of open positions to current market prices.

Rectangle

A trading area bounded by horizontal, or near horizontal, lines. It can either be a reversal or continuation pattern, depending on the breakout.

Recursive

A process that is repetitive and usually dependent upon the results of the previous repetition.

Regression (simple)

A mathematical way of stating the statistical linear relationship between one independent and one dependent variable.

Relative Return

The annualized return on an investment in excess of the average three-month US Treasury bill yield during the same period as the investment. This statistic measures the return on an investment relative to what would have otherwise been earned on a risk-free investment.

Relative Return Standard Deviation

Measures the amount of variability of the relative return. A large relative return standard deviation indicates that the relative return experienced during the holding period fluctuated dramatically and, if the holding period was different, a significantly different relative return would have been achieved. A small relative return standard deviation indicates the opposite.

Relative Strength

A comparison of the price performance of a stock to a market index such as Standard & Poor's 500 stock index.

Relative Strength Index

An indicator invented by J. Welles Wilder and used to ascertain overbought/oversold and divergent situations.

Renko

A kind of candlestick chart that does not take time into account for constructing the chart.

Representativeness

finanzi komportamentali. Judgment by stereotype.

Residual Value

The standard deviation of the unexplained portion of the monthly return.

Resistance

A price level at which rising prices have stopped rising and either moved sideways or reversed direction; usually seen as a price chart pattern.

Resistance Line

On a chart, a line drawn indicating the price level at which rising prices have stopped rising and have moved sideways or reversed direction.

Response

The change in value of the average in response to the impulse.

Resting Order

An order placed with a condition or qualifer but not yet executed.

Retention Rate

Percentage of a firm's aftertax profits that can be put to those earnings retained.

Retracement

A price movement in the opposite direction of the previous trend.

Return on Assets

(%ROA) The net earnings of a company divided by its assets.

Return on Equity

(%ROE) the net earnings of a company divided by its equity.

Reverse Exponential Moving Average

An exponential moving average computed working backward through the time series, rather than forward, as is the case with a standard EMA. A REMA is used so the target would reflect only future price behavior, not past action that would induce spurious correlation.

Reward-Risk Ratio

Monthly excess return to risk comparison, calculated by dividing alpha by standard deviation. (A ratio better than 0.4 is excellent.)

Reward-Risk Rank

Stocks ranked in descending order by reward-risk ratio.

Reversal Gap

A chart formation where the low of the last day is completely above the previous day's range with the close above midrange and above the open.

Reversal Stop

A stop that, when hit, is a signal to reverse the current trading position, ie, from long to short. Also known as stop and reverse .

Rich

Price higher than expected.

Risk (Implied)

In which the formula produces the percentage overbought/oversold for a contract using the price, a moving average and the option's implied volatility.

Risk-Adjusted Return on Capital (RAROC)

Another measure of risk-adjusted profitability, derived as the ratio between P/L and value at risk.

Roll

Substituting a far option for a near option on the same underlying instrument at the same strike price; also to roll forward or roll over.

Root Mean Square Percentage Error

(Rmspe) Square root of the average sum of squared errors experessed as a percentage.

Rotation

Moving funds from one sector to another sector of the stock market as the business cycle unfolds.

Roth IRA

An individual retirement account where contributions are not deductible, taxes are not paid on distributions and allows penalty-free withdrawals for first-time homebuyers and retirees.

Running Market

A market wherein prices are changing rapidly in one direction with very few or no price changes in the opposite direction.

Running Total

Each day's value is added to yesterday's total or subtracted if the value is negative.

Sales Growth

The growth in sales in a company.

Sales Load

A service charge of a mutual fund that is added to the costs of owning a stake in the fund.

Saucer Base

Similar to a cup and handle formation, but the saucer base is shallower and rounder in shape.

Savings and Loan Investment Contracts (SLICs)

A negotiated-term deposit issued by a savings and loan.

Scallop

Chart formation in which the price dips momentarily, forming a cup, before resuming its upward course.

Scalp

In commodities, purchasing and selling in equal amounts so there is no net position at the end of the trading day; a speculative attempt to make a quick profit by buying at the initial offering price in the hope the issue will increase and can be sold.

Schwarz-a-tron

A dedicated computer system for options calculations and simulations.

Seasonal Autocorrelation

Autocorrelation that shows up at 12-, 24-, 36- and 48-month lag intervals or at four, eight, 12 and 16 quarterly lags.

Seasonal Trend

A consistent but short-lived rise or drop in market activity that occurs due to predictable changes in climate or calendar.

Seasonality

A consistent and predictable change in market activity that occurs from consistent and predictable events.

Sector Fund

A mutual fund that concentrates on trading a range of securities within a broad industry group, such as technology, energy or financial services.

Sector Rotation

When a block of investment professionals cash out of one industry sector to invest in another.

Secular Trend

Pertaining to a long indefinite period of time.

Security Selection Ratio

The percentage of trades in a given account that liquidate profitably.

Seed

The first value used to start a calculation. For example, an exponentially smoothed moving average (EMA) uses the previous day's EMA for the calculation. On the first day's calculation of the EMA, you could use a simple moving average as the seed for the EMA.

SelectNet

A Nasdaq execution technology.

Self-Affine Transformation

A rescaling procedure used in fractal geometry and performed on a two-variable system. For example, in a system utilizing an x-axis and y-axis representing time and price, the x-axis could be rescaled by one ratio and/or procedure while the y-axis is rescaled by a different ratio and/or procedure.

Selling Short

Selling a security and then borrowing the security for delivery with the intent of replacing the security at a lower price. In futures trading, selling short is to assume the responsibility of the seller vs. the buyer in the establishment of the futures contract between parties.

Semilog

Scaling method. With semilog, the distance between each point of a chart is exponential. Semilog scaling is used to compare relative price changes rather than physical point changes.

Sensitivity

The rate of change of the moving average in response to the movement of the underlying data. The most sensitive period is that in which the rate of change of the moving average is fastest in response to changes in the sinewave.

Serial Correlation

The systematic relationship between successive observation of a time series.

Serially Independent

A number that is unrelated to the previous number in a given series in any way.

Settlement

The price at which all outstanding positions in a stock or commodity are marked to market. Typically, the closing price.

Shapiro-Wilkes Test

A statistical test indicating the likelihood that the sample of simulated net returns was drawn from a normal distribution. A small value of this statistic leads to nonacceptance of the null hypothesis that the sample is drawn from a normal distribution.

Shareholder of Record

Share owner of company stock as registered in company files.

Shaved Candlestick

In candlestick charting, when the shadows of a candle which mark the area between the real body and the extremes and give the appearance of being wicks are absent.

Short Interest

Shares that have been sold short but not yet repurchased.

Short Interest Ratio

A ratio that indicates the number of trading days required to repurchase all of the shares that have been sold short. A short interest ratio of 2.50 would tell us that based on the current volume of trading, it will take two and a half days' volume to cover all shorts.

Signal

In the context of stock or commodity time series historical data, this is usually daily or weekly prices.

Signal Line

In artificial intelligence, a numeric variable that is prevalued in the knowledge base. In moving average jargon, the first moving average is smoothed by a second moving average. The second moving average is the signal line.

Signature Medallion Guaranty

Program used by banks and other institutions to verify a signature.

Significance

The probability of rejection on the basis of a statistical test and a hypothesis that there is no validity to the specific claim that two variations of the same thing can be distinguished by a specific procedure.

Simple Moving Average

The arithmetic mean or average of a series of prices over a period of time. The longer the period of time studied (that is, the larger the denominator of the average), the less impact an individual data point has on the average.

Simple Regression

A mathematical way of stating the statistical linear relationship between one independent and one dependent variable.

Sinewave

A wave whose amplitude varies as the sine of a linear function of time.

Skew

A descriptive measure of lopsidedness in a distribution.

Slippage

The difference between estimated transaction costs and actual transaction costs.

SMA

See Simple Moving Average.

Small Order Execution System (SOES)

Computerized system developed by Nasdaq for immediate electronic execution of up to 1,000 shares of stock.

Smoothing

Simply, a mathematical technique that removes excess data variability while maintaining a correct ap praisal of the underlying trend.

Specialist

A trader on the market floor assigned to fill bids/orders in a specific stock out of his/her own account when the order has no competing bid/order to ensure a fair and orderly market.

Specify

To set the parameters and variables of a given model.

Spectrum

The frequency decomposition of time series data. This is used to detect periodic fluctuations or cycles in historical price data.

Spike

A sharp rise in price in a single day or two; may be as great as 15-30%, indicating the time for an immediate sale.

Spline

The linear interpolation between two adjacent points on a curve.

Spot Month

In trading, the current contract month. Also known as the front month .

Spot Prices

Same as cash price, the price at which a commodity is selling at a particular time and place.

Spread

A trade in which two related contracts/stocks/bonds/options are traded to exploit the relative differences in price change between the two.

Spread Rolls

Using a spread order to bridge the closing of one position and the establishment of a new one.

Spring

A two-day pattern in which on the first day, the market declines below a support point, while the next day sees the market move strongly back up into the congestion area.

Spring

Another term for upthrust; occurs when price moves above a pivot top and a widespread reversal ensues as follows: a) two previous closes are reversed, b) close is below pivot top, c) close is below opening and mid-range, d) daily price range is greater than the previous day's range.

Stair-stepping

In which market activity is characterized by a trend, then sideways movements, followed by another trend and further sideways movement.

Standard Deviation

The positive square root of the expected value of the square of the difference between a random variable and its mean. A measure of the fluctuation in a stock's monthly return over the preceding year.

Standard Error of the Estimate (SEE)

A measure of absolute fit. One can use this measure to compare the last portion of this model with another portion of the same dependent variable.

Standardized Unanticipated Earnings

(SUE) A company's average earnings surprise is compared with analyst earnings estimates dispersion, which can be used to estimate the likelihood of earnings surprises.

Stationarity

A distribution of a quantity that does not change over time.

Stationary Time Series

Implies that no trend is observed in the time series. Identified when the time series has a constant mean and variance.

Step Function

A function defined on an interval so that the interval can be partitioned into a finite number of subinter vals on each of which the function is a constant. Also known as a simple function.

Stepwise Regression

A mathematical technique to choose the independent variables that best describe the behavior of the dependent, in order of improving description.

Stochastic

Literally means random.

Stochastics Oscillator

An overbought/oversold indicator that compares today's price to a preset window of high and low prices. These data are then transformed into a range between zero and 100 and then smoothed.

Stock Index Futures

A futures contract traded that uses a market index as the underlying instrument. Typically, the value of the contract is $500 times the underlying index. The delivery mechanism is usually cash settlement.

Stop and Reverse (SAR)

A stop that, when hit, is a signal to reverse the current trading position, ie, from long to short. Also known as reversal stop .

Stop Loss

The risk management technique in which the trade is liquidated to halt any further decline in value.

Stop-Running

After a trend, the market will enter into a trading range and have a tendency to trade to levels where stop-loss orders have been placed.

Stops

Buy stops are orders that are placed at a predetermined price over the current price of the market. The order becomes a “buy at the market” order if the market is at or above to the price of the stop order. Sell stops are orders that are placed with a predetermined price below the current price. Sell-stop orders become “Sell at the market” orders if the market trades at or below the price of the stop order.

Straddle

The purchase or sale of an equivalent number of puts and calls on an underlying stock with the same exer cise price and expiration date.

Strange Attractor

A balance point between a set of conflicting forces.

Strangle

The purchase or sale of an equivalent number of puts and calls on an underlying stock with the same expira tion date but a different exercise price. Usually, the put has a low strike price and the call has a higher strike price.

Street Name

Stock ownership in which shares are registered to a brokerage or other financial institution and held.

Strike Price

The price per unit at which the holder of an option may receive or deliver the underlying unit; also known as the exercise price .

Strips

An option strategy in which an investor buys one call and two puts on the same underlying security with the same exercise price and expiration date.

Struck

The price at which an exercised option delivers the underlying securities.

Student

The pseudonym for Irish chemist WS Gosset, who published “The Probable Error at a Mean” under that name in 1908.

Sum of Squared Residuals (SSR)

Measure related to the R-squared value and the smaller the number, the higher will be the R-squared, and the better the regression.

SuperDot

NYSE execution technology.

Support

A historical price level at which falling prices have stopped falling and either moved sideways or reversed direction; usually seen as a price chart pattern.

Support Line

On a chart, a line drawn indicating the price level at which falling prices have stopped falling and have moved sideways or reversed direction.

Swaps

The sale of one security to purchase another with similar features.

Swing Chart

A chart that has a straight line drawn from each price extreme to the next price extreme based on a set criteria such as percentages or number of days. For example, percentage price changes of less than 5% will not be measured in the swing chart.

Swings

The measurement of movement of the price of a tradable between extreme highs and lows.

Synergistic Market Analysis

Also known as synergistic analysis . An analytical method that merges technical and fundamental analysis with an emphasis on intermarket analysis.

Synthetic Securities

Security created by buying and writing a combination of options that imitate the risk and profit profile of a security.

T-Statistics: The probability distribution used to test the hypothesis that a random sample of n observations comes from a normal population with a given mean.
T-Test: A statistical test of significance for a distribution that changes its shape as N gets smaller; based on a variable t equal to the difference between the mean of the sample and the mean of the population divided by a result obtained by dividing the standard deviation of the sample by the square root of the number of individuals in the sample.
Tangibles: Cash equivalents of the futures contracts.
Tax-Deferred
In which an investment allows an investor to postpone paying taxes on money put into the investment until the investor literally takes possession of the money invested.
Technical Analysis: A form of market analysis that studies demand and supply for securities and commodities based on trading volume and price studies. Using charts and modeling techniques, technicians attempt to identify price trends in a market.
Telegrapher's Equation: A variation of the Diffusion Equation that describes minor differences in the drunkard's walk, in which the random decision controls the change in direction rather than the direction itself.
Term Structure: Also known as yield curve. The slope of the term structure is the yield on long-term government bonds minus the yield on short-term instruments such as Treasury bills.
Theta: The measurement of the time decay of a position.
Thrust: A comparison between the price difference of successively lower pivot bottoms or higher pivot tops. For example, a reduction in the difference between pivot bottoms shows loss of momentum; an increase in the difference shows increased momentum.
Tick: The minimum fluctuation of a tradable. For example, bonds trade in 32nds, while most stocks trade in eighths.
Tick Indicator: The number of stocks whose last trade was an uptick or a downtick.
Time Domain: Variation of a time series is accounted for by an autocorrelation function and other time series.
Time Series: A collection of observations made sequentially in time and indexed by time.
Time Value: The difference between the premium paid for an option and the intrinsic value. As the option approaches expiration, the time value erodes, eventually to zero.
TPO: Time-Price Opportunity; a price that occurs during designated half-hour periods of trading; a price-time relationship developed for the Chicago Board of Trade's Market Profile and Liquidity Data Bank reports.
Tradable
Trading instrument.
Trade Facilitation: Liquidity.
Trading Bands: Lines plotted in and around the price structure to form an envelope, answering whether prices are high or low on a relative basis and forewarning whether to buy or sell by using indicators to confirm price action.
Trading Range: The difference between the high and low prices traded during a period of time; in commodities, the high/low price limit established by the exchange for a specific commodity for any one day's trading.
Trailing Stop: A stop-loss order that follows the prevailing price trend.
Transfer Agent
Financial institution that manages ownership records of company stock.
Transfer Function: The mathematical relationship between the output of a control system and its input for a linear system, it is the Laplace transform of the output divided by the Laplace transform of the input under conditions of zero initial energy.
Transfer Response: Refers to the shape of the wave coming out of a filter in comparison to the shape going into it.
Transform: A process to change or convert. For example, a simple moving average is a filter to reduce noise; the moving average is the transform function.
Trend: The general drift, tendency or bent of a set of statistical data as related to time.
Trend Channel: A parallel probable price range centered about the most likely price line. Historically, this term has been used to denote the area between the base trendline and the reaction trendline defined by price moves against the prevailing trend.
Trend Day: A day in which the price of a futures contract moves consistently away from the opening range and does not return to the opening range prior to the close.
Trend-Following: Moving in the direction of the prevailing price movement.
Trending Market: Price moves in a single direction, generally closing at an extreme for the day.
Trendless: Price movement that vacillates to the degree that a clear trend cannot be identified.
Trendline: A line drawn that connects either a series of highs or lows in a trend. The trendline can represent either support as in an uptrend line or resistance as in a downtrend line. Consolidations are marked by horizontal trendlines.
Triangle
A pattern that exhibits a series of narrower price fluctuations over time; top and bottom boundaries need not be of equal length.
Triangular Moving Average: A moving average in which each day's data are multiplied by a weight that increases in value at steady increments to a peak value and then declines to zero at equivalent increments. The sum of the weighted daily data is divided by the number of variables.
TRIN: See Arms Index Trix-The one-period difference of the triple exponential smoothing operating on the log of price.
True Range: The largest of the following: Today's high minus today's low, today's high minus yesterday's close, today's low minus yesterday's close.
True Strength Index: A momentum indicator developed by William Blau that double-smoothes the ratio of the market momentum to the absolute value of the market momentum.
Tulip Sector
A sector that is the intense focus of speculators at the moment.
Turning Point: The approximate time at which there is a change in trend.
Tweezers Bottoms and Tops: Candlestick formations. Both candles must have identical highs and lows. Significant when found at contract highs or lows, and can indicate a breakout.
Uncovered Option: The buy or sale of an option without a position in the underlying futures contract; also known as a naked option.
Underlying Instrument: A trading instrument subject to purchase upon exercise.
Underlying Security: In options, a stock subject to purchase upon exercise of the option.
Uniform Gifts to Minors Acts
A law that allows minors to own property without the use of a trust.
Univariate: Involving only one variable.
Upthrust: Occurs when price moves above a pivot top and a widespread reversal ensues as follows: a) two previous closes are reversed, b) close is below pivot top, c) close is below opening and mid-range, d) daily price range is greater than the previous day's range.
Value Area: The price range on the CBOT Market Profile in which approximately 70% of the day's trades occur.
Value at Risk (VaR)
A measure of exposure within a given portfolio, which attempts to estimate how much the portfolio would be expected to lose, given the recent behavior of the securities contained therein.
Value Averaging
In which the average is taken of a series of values.
Value-Weighted Index: A market average such as Standard & Poor's 500 Index that takes into account the market value of each security rather than calculating a straight price average.
Variable-Length Moving Average: A moving average where the number of periods selected for smoothing is based on a volatility measurement of price. Typically, the standard deviation of price is used to measure price volatility. The more volatile the price is, the shorter the number of periods used is for smoothing.
Vega: The amount by which the price of an option changes when the volatility changes.
Vertical Spread: A stock option spread based on simultaneous purchase and sale of options on the same underlying stock with the same expiration months but different strike prices.
Vesting
The rights that an employee gains for working at a firm for a specific length of time.
Volatility: A measure of a stock's tendency to move up and down in price, based on its daily price history over the latest 12 months.
Volume
The shares that are traded for a given market or tradable within a specified time period.
Volume Price Trend (VPT): In which a running sum is maintained when a day's total volume is added if the market closes positive or the day's total volume is subtracted if the market closes lower. See On-balance volume.
W Formation
A double-bottom formation.
Warrant
A company-issued certificate that represents an option to buy stock shares at a given time.
Wasting: A term depicting how an option's value decreases over time; as each day after acquisition passes a portion of the option's time value is lost or wasted.
Wave: In Elliott wave theory, a sustained move by a market's price in one direction as determined by the reversal points that initiated and terminated it.
Wave Cycle: An impulse wave followed by a correction wave, the impulse wave being made up of five smaller, numbered waves of alternating direction designated 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and the correction wave being composed of three smaller alternating waves designated a, b, and c.
Wedge
A pattern in which two converging lines connect a group of price peaks and troughs.
Weighted Average Purchase Price
Multiply each purchase order bought by the associated purchase price, add them together and divide the total by the number of blocks. The result is the weighted average purchase price.
Weighted Industry Index: An index where the importance of each stock is related to its market capitalization.
Weighted Moving Average (WMA)
A moving average that puts more weight on recent prices. A three-day weighted moving average would add a multiple of 1 to the first date, 2 to the second date and 3 to the third date.
Whiplash: Alternating buy and sell signals that result in losses.
Whipsaw: Losing money on both sides of a price swing.
Wildcards: Characters in a quote symbol or Dos file name that indicates an undefined, but categorized, value.
Williams' %R: Overbought and oversold indicator that is used to determine market entry and exit points.
Window
Set period of time such as a lookback period for market indicator in question.
Wizard
A preprogrammed step-by-step procedure to aid the user in accomplishing a specific task.
Yates's Correction: When a small amount of data is available for testing, the chi-square formula is adjusted to account for the small sample base.
Zero-Coupon Government Bonds: Government bonds that are purchased at a deep discount and pay no cash dividend, unlike regular bonds.
Zeta: The percentage change in an options price per 1% change in implied volatility.
Zigzag: In a bull market, an Elliott three-wave pattern that subdivides into a 5-3-5 pattern with the top of wave B noticeably lower than the start of wave A. In a bear market, this pattern will be inverted.

This dictionary is still in it's editing stage. The content is being compiled from various sources. Sources used so far, include Livecharts.co.uk, Stocks and Commodities and Wikipedia

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