Trading Sanasto | Great Trading Systems

By N2H

Kaupankäynti Sanasto

Priori: Tunnetut etuajassa.
Hylätty Baby Pattern: Harvinainen kynttilänjalka malli, jossa inflaation kiihtymisen ero doji tähti (jossa varjot eivät kosketa) seuraa kääntöpuolensa kuilu musta kynttilänjalka, jossa varjot eivät myöskään kosketa, pitää suuren top käänteinen signaali.

ABC: Elliott aalto terminologia kolmen aallon countertrend kurssilasku. Wave on ensimmäinen hinta aallon vastaan markkinoiden kehitykseen. Aalto B korjaavat aalto Wave A Wave C on lopullinen hinta siirtyä loppuun countertrend hintojaan. Elliott aalto seuraajaa tutkimus-ja C-aaltoja varten hintasuhteiden perusteella numeroita Fibonaccin sarja.
Kertyminen: Lisäksi elinkeinonharjoittajan alkuperäinen markkina-asemaa. Ensimmäinen kolmesta eri vaihetta merkittävä kehitys, jossa sijoittajat ostavat.
Varallisuuden / Distribution Line: Katso Chaikin Oscillator.
Toteutuneet: Viittaa varsinaista fyysistä hyödykkeitä, kuten erotettava futuurit.
ADA: Estä jäsennelty ohjelmointikieli kehitettiin johdolla Yhdysvaltain puolustusministeriön antamaan keskipitkän kirjoittaa reaaliajassa samanaikaisesti sovelluksia, joilla helpotetaan ohjelmaan tarkastusta.
Adaptive Filter: Smoothing ja / tai ennusteita hintojen jatkuvasti päivitettävä painotuksen viime hintoja.
Advance-Hylkää Line: Jokainen päivä on määrä vähenee kysymyksiä vähennetään määrä etenee kysymyksiä. Nettoero lisätään jatkuva summa, jos erotus on positiivinen tai vähennetään toiminnan summa, jos erotus on negatiivinen.
Haittavaikutukset Retki: Menetykset kurssilasku vastaan kannan tahansa kaupassa.
AKA: Lyhenne "automaattisen tiedon hankinta." Tarkoitetaan käyttöä ohjelmien luoda tiedolle, jota muut ohjelmat (yleensä asiantuntija-järjestelmät).
Alpha: Premium että sijoitussalkun ansaitsee edellä annettu lähtökohta, mitata suorituskykyään pörssissä riippumaton markkinoista.
Osaketodistukset (ADR): Sertifikaatit ovat pankin liikkeeseen laskemia yhdysvaltalaista alkuperää ja myydään Yhdysvalloissa kuin kotimaisista osakkeista. Todistukset ovat ulkomaisten arvopapereiden, että pankki pitää kyseisen arvopaperin alkuperämaa.
Kuoletus
Kirjanpito menetelmä, jossa omaisuuserän hinta on levittäytynyt.
Varianssianalyysi: (Anova) jakaminen koko neliöiden summa tulee neliöiden summa selittyy mallin ja jäljelle jäävästä neliöiden selittämätön.
Anaume: Kynttilänjalka muodostumista. Poikkeuksellinen sammumisen kaava (eli "aukko täyttö") viisi kynttilöitä. Anaume tapahtuu, kun aukko on täytetty, kun markkinahinta on muuttunut suuntaan. Tämä malli yhdessä muiden mallien osoittaa vahvaa potentiaalia nouseva kääntämisen ja hinta etukäteen.
Ankkurointi-ja-säätö
Käyttäytymistieteellisen rahoituksen. Taipumus arvioida tämänhetkisiin päätöksiin yhteydessä aikaisemmista tapahtumista.
Andrews menetelmä: Tekniikka, jossa teknikko hakee erittäin alhainen tai korkea käyttää nivelpisteestä piirtää viivan, jota kutsutaan keskiviivan, tästä näkökulmasta, että bisects viiva läpi ensi korjaavat vaihe, joka tapahtuu sen jälkeen nivelpisteestä. Lines yhdensuuntainen linja piirretään läpi hyvät ja huonot puolensa korjaavien vaiheessa. Samalla rivit määrittävät vastus ja tukitasot hinnalla kanava.
Hehkutus (simuloitu): Yleensä metallurginen prosessi, tekoälyn prosessi, jossa hermo-netto työ etsii asettaa painoja minimoida virheet, etsi jatkuvasti kutistuu kuin painot löytää parempia arvoja, vastaavia uudelleenjärjestely molekyylien lämmitettyä metallia baari bar jäähtyy.
Vuosiansiot Muuta: (%) Historiallinen tulos vaihtaa viimeksi ilmoittaman tilikauden ansaita kokouksille ja edellisen.
Vuotuinen nettovoittomarginaali: (%) Prosenttiosuus, että yhtiö saadut brutto myynti viimeksi ilmoittaman tilikauden.
Vuosimyynti Muuta: (%) Prosentuaalinen muutos myynnin välillä viimeksi ilmoittaman tilikauden ja edellisen.
Vuositasolle
Translating luvut tiettynä vuonna osaksi vuotuista korkoa.
Noutaja Ennusteet: Kaksi ennusteet, joiden virheet ovat korreloi negatiivisesti.
Arbitraasi: Samanaikainen osto ja myynti kahta erillistä mutta toisiinsa läheisesti liittyvien arvopapereiden hyödyntää ero niiden hintoja.
ARIMA: Katso autoregressiivisillä Integroitu liukuvasta keskiarvosta
ARMAX (autoregressiivisillä liukuva keskiarvo ulkoisten muuttujien malli): Yhdistelmä perusoikeuksien muuttujien ulkopuolella erityisesti markkinoiden korreloi riippumaton muuttuja lisätty ARMA mallintaminen jäljellä jäännösten.
Aseiden Index: Tunnetaan myös nimellä Trading Index (Trin):; Ennakko / lasku osakemarkkinoilla symboli. Lukeminen on pienempi kuin 1,0 osoittavat, nouseva kysyntä, kun taas yli 1,0 on laskusuuntainen. Indeksi on usein tasoitettu yksinkertainen liukuva keskiarvo.
Tekoäly: Alalla tietojenkäsittelytieteen omistettu tuottamaan ohjelmia, jotka yrittävät matkia prosesseja ihmisen aivoissa.
Antaa: Siirtää toiselle, kenelle omaisuus on sidottu.
Astrophysical Cycle: Kaikki maallinen aikana, kuten markkinoiden sykli, joka on tieteellisesti liittyvät fysiikkaa planeettakunnan.
At-the-Money: Vaihtoehto, jonka lunastushinta on lähinnä nykyisen hinnan taustalla fyysisesti.
Vaimennus: Murto-osa energiankulutuksen vähentämistä tai menettänyt valtansa vuoksi pehmennyksen tai suodatus.
Autokorrelaation: Korrelaatio arvojen aikasarja ja aiemmat arvot samalla sarja.
Autoregressiivisillä Integroitu liukuva keskiarvo (ARIMA): Lineaarinen stokastinen malli arviointiperiaatteesta kuvataan Box ja Jenkins Kirjassaan Aikasarja analyysi, ennustaminen ja hallinta.
Autoregressiivinen: Käyttämällä edellinen tiedot ennustaa tulevia tietoja.
Keskimääräinen Suunnattu Movement Index (ADX): Indikaattori kehittänyt J. Welles Wilder mitata markkinoiden kehitykseen intensiteettiä.
ATR
Liukuva keskiarvo ATR.
% B: Osoittaa jos päätöskurssi on sisällä Bollingerin nauhat:
Takaisin kuukausi: Pois, tai takaisin, sopimus kuukausi, toisin kuin nykyinen sopimus kuukauden päättymiskuukausi kauempana tulevaisuudessa kuin nykyinen, tai spot, kuukausi.
Back-Lisäystapa Verkko: Feedforward monikerroksinen hermoverkko, joka on yleisesti käytetty neuroverkon paradigma.
Back-testaus: Strategia on testattu tai optimoitu historiallisia tietoja ja sitten strategiaa sovelletaan uutta tietoa, onko tulokset ovat yhteneväisiä.
Tasapainoinen Sijoitusrahasto: Sijoitusrahasto, joka pyrkii tuotto, joka on yhdistelmä arvonnousun ja tulot, yleensä rakentamalla salkun joukkovelkakirjoja, parempana kannat ja yhteiset kannat.
Kaistanpäästön suodatin: Oskillaattori korostaen vain taajuuksia väli valikoima ja torjuu korkea ja matalia taajuuksia. Täytäntöön soveltamalla ensin alipäästösuodin tietojen ja sitten ylipäästösuodin sen tuloksien (esim. kaksi SMA crossover-järjestelmä).
Bank Investment sopimukset (BIC): Neuvotellaan-määräaikaistalletuksen antama liikepankki. Katso Guaranteed Investment sopimukset (GICS).
Pylväsdiagrammi
Käytetään tontti hintakehityksen avulla pystypalkki osoittaa hintaluokissa.
Perusta: Ero paikalla (käteisvarat) hintoja ja futuurin hinta.
Peruspistettä: Toimenpide tuotot joukkolainat, yksi perusta piste 0,01% tuotosta.
Basket kaupat: Suuria liiketoimia koostuu useista eri varastoista.
Bayes päätös työjärjestyksen: Sääntöä, että valittu strategia kuin käytettävissä on, että mikä odotusarvo loppuratkaisu on suurin.
Bear Market
Arvopaperimarkkinoiden tyypillistä perustuu siis hintojen laskusta.
Beeta: Regressio arvioitu kerroin, kuuluu erityisesti muuttuvat.
Beta (kerroin): Mitataan markkinoiden / nondiversifiable riskejä tahansa markkinoiden vakautta. Suhde yksilön kannan historiallinen palaa historiallisen tuottoja osakemarkkinoilla. Jos varastossa arvo kasvoi 12%, kun markkinat kasvoivat 10%, osakkeen beta olisi 1.2.
Puolueellisuus: Ero odotusarvo estimaattorin ja todellinen arvo voidaan arvioida.
Osto-ja
Ylin hinta ja alin hinta että sijoittaja maksaa käydä kauppaa.
Kaksoiskuljetus jakelu: Kun havainnot näkyvät olevan kaksi erillistä piikkiä.
Black Box
Omaan, atk kauppajärjestelmään, jonka sääntöihin ei luovuteta tai helposti saatavilla.
Black-Scholes Optio Hinnoittelumalli: Malli on kehitetty arvioida markkina-arvoa Optiosopimusten.
Suurien kauppojen: Suuria liiketoimia tietyn kannan myydään yhtenä kokonaisuutena.
Blow-Off Alkuun: Jyrkkä ja nopea hinnannousu seuraa jyrkkä ja nopea lasku hintaan.
Joukkovelkakirjat
Pitkäaikaisten lainojen vakuuden totesi korko ja kiinteät eräpäivät, antaa yhtiö tai hallitus, jolloin korot ja pääoma on maksettava. On olemassa monia muunnelmia.
Boolean: Kuvaa muuttuja, joka voi olla yksi vain kaksi mahdollista arvoa: tosi tai epätosi. Kun George Boole, Englanti loogikko, hyvitetään keksintö "Boolen logiikka."
Box-Jenkins Linear neliösumman: Lisäaine rakenne Box-Jenkins mallien polynomi rakenne.
Box-Jenkins menetelmä: From GEP Box ja GM Jenkins, joka kirjoitti aikasarja-analyysin: Ennustaminen ja valvonta. Menetelmä viittaa käytön autoregressiivisillä integroitujen liukuvat keskiarvot (ARIMA), joka sopii kausi mod ELS ja nonseasonal malleja aikasarjoja.
Box-Jenkins Epälineaarinen neliösumman: Kertoimen rakenne Box-Jenkins malleja käyttäen Gauss-Newton algoritmi numeeristen johdannaisia.
Bozu: Kirjaimellisesti "kalju" tai "munkki" ja Japanin, ja kynttilänjalka terminologia viittaa tilanteeseen, jolloin kauppa kierto avautuu tai sulkeutuu korkea tai matala, osoittaa voitto sonnien tai karhuja.
Haarukointi: Kaupankäynnin alueella markkinoille tai hinta alueella, joka on ei-trendit.
Breakaway Gap: Kun kaupattavien poistuu kaupankäynnin alueella, jonka kauppa hinnoilla, joka lähtee hinta-alueen, jossa ei ole kauppaa tapahtuu pylväsdiagrammi. Yleensä nämä erot näkyvät loppuun tärkeä kaavio kokoonpanojen.
Breakout: Kohta kun markkinahinta poistuu suuntaus kanava.
Broker-jälleenmyyjä
Yritys, joka hoitaa liiketoimet asiakkaiden ja myös ostaa arvopapereita omaan lukuunsa, niiden myyminen asiakkaille.
Broker kannella: Tilaukset fyysisesti hallussa lattia välittäjä kaupankäynnin kuoppaan.
Bull Market
Arvopaperimarkkinoiden luonnehtii sitä kautta hintojen nousuun.
Osta ja Hold
Hankinta kaupattavien pitkällä aikavälillä eikä nopeasti liikevaihtoa.
C-kieli: Laajalti käytetty järjestelmien kehittäminen kieltä, myös estää jäsennelty, mutta enemmän välineitä valvoa koneen tasolla laitteisto.
Call Vaihtoehto: Sopimus, joka antaa ostajalle mahdollisuuden oikeus mutta ei velvollisuutta ottaa vastaan arvopaperin tiettyyn hintaan tietyn ajan kuluessa.
Calmar Ratio: Tulee keskimääräinen tuotto viimeisen 36 kuukauden ja jakaa sen suurin nostoa samalta ajalta. Se lasketaan yleensä kuukausittain. Negatiivinen arvo Calmar suhde tarkoittaa, että järjestelmä tai kauppias oli negatiivinen kehitys kolmen viime vuoden aikana.
Kynttilänjalka Kuviot: Kartoittamista menetelmä, kotoisin Japanista, jossa korkea ja matala piirretään yhdellä rivillä ja kutsutaan varjoja. Hintaluokassa välillä auki ja lähellä on piirrettävä kapea suorakaide ja kutsutaan kehon. Jos lähellä on yli auki, runko on valkoinen. Jos lähellä on alle auki, runko on musta.
Luovutusvoitot jakelu: Jaettavaksi sijoitusyhtiö osakkeenomistajille netto pitkän aikavälin toteuttamien luovutusvoittojen säännelty sijoitusyhtiö myynnin sijoitussalkkuun kuuluvia arvopapereita.
Pääomatappiot
Tappiot johtuvat myydä tappiolla.
CBOT
Chicago Board of Trade.
Keskeinen raja-arvolause
Tilastoista, lause, että jakelu näytteen avulla otetaan suuri väestö lähestymistapoja normaali, Gaussian, käyrä.
Chaikin Oscillator: Oskillaattori luonut vähentämällä 10 päivän EMA alkaen kolmen päivän EMA varallisuuden / jakelu verkossa.
Kanava: Vuonna kaavio, hinta kanava sisältää hintoja koko suuntausta. On kolme keskeistä tapaa tehdä kanavia rinnakkain, pyöreä ja kanavat, jotka yhdistävät matalat (karhu suuntaus) tai ylä (bull trendi).
Chaos Theory: Kuvaa käyttäytymistä epälineaarisia järjestelmiä. Osajoukko epälineaarisia dynamiikan analyysi, kaaos teoria on matematiikan keskitytään epäsäännöllinen ja monimutkainen ongelma, joka on taustalla järjestyksessä. Osakemarkkinoilla, kaaosteorian pyritään ennustamaan tulevaa tietä osakekursseja, kuten äkilliset muutokset, jotka tapahtuvat aikana intensiivistä markkinoiden toimintaa.
Kuviot
Näytä tai kuva turvallisuus, tonttien hinta-ja / tai tilavuus (osakkeiden lukumäärä myyty). Kaavio on perusta tekniseen analyysiin, ja vuosien mittaan monia erilaisia kaavioita on kehitetty.
Chi Square
Tilastollinen testi, onko malli näytteillä tiedoilla olisi voitu valmistaa sattumalta.
Joulukuusi Levitä: Samanaikainen osto ja kirjallisesti vaihtoehtoja joko eri lunastushinta tai expi annos päivä tai näiden yhdistelmällä.
Luokittelija järjestelmät: Tekoälyn nämä järjestelmät suorittaa konetyypin oppiminen, joka luo säännöt esimerkeistä.
Clone rahasto
Pienemmän version vähittäiskaupan sijoitusrahaston, se tarjotaan alatilille on muuttuja elinkorko. Päivittäinen hinta klooni rahasto on erilainen eri muuttuja elinkorot sitä harjoittavat, koska jokainen klooni rahasto alkaa eri päivänä ja perushinta 10 dollaria.
Suljettujen rahastojen
Sijoitusrahasto, joka ei myy toistaiseksi osakkeita, joista toisessa tietty määrä osakemäärästä.
Suljettu kaupat: Kantoja, jotka ovat joko selvitystilaan tai korvata.
Klusterointi
Sijainti läsnäolo ryhmien vektorit ovat samankaltaisia jollakin keinoin.
CME
Chicago Mercantile Exchange.
Kerroin: Jatkuvasti käyttää kertoa toiselle määrän tai sarja, kuten 3 x ja kirves, 3 ja on kertoimien x.
Determinaatiokerroin: R-potenssiin. Osuus vaihtelee tiedot selittyy malli.
Sattuma: Vuonna Gann Teoriassa ennustetaan kääntyminen kohta.
Colinear: Katso Multicolinearity.
Yhdistetty Ennuste: Painotettu keskiarvo kahden tai useamman ennusteet.
Commodity Futures Trading komissio (CFTC)
Komissio, joka valvoo hyödykepörssien Yhdysvalloissa.
Vertaileva suhteellinen vahvuus: Vertaa kurssilasku kaluston sen kilpailijoiden, teollisuuden ryhmä tai koko markkinat. Tämä eroaa J. Welles Wilder suhteellista vahvuutta Index, jossa vertaillaan nykyistä kurssilasku aiempiin kurssilasku samassa säädöksessä.
Comparitor
Laite jonkinlainen joka vertaa kahta tuloa.
Kompaundoinniksi
Maksu kautta korko, joka perustuu yhteen alkuperäisen pääoman määrä ja sen korkoineen.
Luottamus Factor: Mitataan, kuinka suurella todennäköisyydellä, että sääntö on oikein, mikä voi heijastaa osuus kertaa se on osoittautunut oikeaksi aikaisemmin tai vain subjektiivinen mitta luottamus sen luotettavuuden.
Luotettavuustasolla: Varmuutta siitä, että tietty virhetaajuus ei ylity.
Vahvistus: Ilmoitus siitä, että ainakin kaksi indeksiä, jos Dow teoria Teollisuustuotteet ja kuljetus, vahvistaa markkinoiden kehitys tai käännekohta.
Ruuhkat alue tai malli: Joukko kauppa päivää ei ole näkyvää edistystä hinta.
Vakauttaminen: Tunnetaan myös nimellä ruuhkia ajan. Tauko, jonka avulla osallistujat markkinoilla arvioida uudelleen markkinoiden ja asettaa vaiheessa ensi hintojaan.
Kuluttajahintaindeksi
Raideleveys Yhdysvaltain inflaation.
Jatkoa Kuvio: Kaavio, jossa hinta asteikon lopun tiedot tietyn sopimuksen ja tietojen alussa seuraavan sopimuksen on yhdistetty, jotta voidaan helpottaa siirtymistä yhden sopimuksen seuraavaan.
Sopimus
Sopimus kuin vaihtoehdot, joissa oikeudet vaihdetaan lailla. Korrelaatiokerroin-Kun kaksi satunnaismuuttujien X ja Y yleensä vaihtelevat yhdessä. Mittaus saadaan suhde kovarianssi X ja Y neliöjuuri tuotteen varianssi X ja varianssi Y.
Lähentyminen: Kun futuurihintojen ja spot-hintojen yhdistyvät futuurit päätyttyä.
Conversion Arbitraasi: Kauppiaat ostavat ja myyvät kahta eri arvopapereita (tai synteettiset arvopaperit) pakotti vastaava hinta vastaavista arvopapereista.
Coppock Curve: Myös Coppock opas. Pitkän aikavälin hinta vauhtia indikaattori: 10 kuukauden painotetun liikkuvan keski-ikä summa 14-kk: n muutos ja 11 kuukauden korko on muutoksen DJIA.
Korjaus: Kaikki hinnat reaktio markkinoiden johtava oikaisu peräti kolmannes kaksi kolmasosaa edellisen voiton.
Korjaus Wave: Aalto tai kierto aallot liikkuvat vastaan nykyisen impulssi suuntaus suuntaan.
Korrelaatiokertoimen
Määrin kahden sarjan numerot juonen suora viiva. Korrelaatiokertoimen 1 (tai -1) osoittaa, että kaksi numerosarjaa tontin juuri linjaa pitkin. Korrelaatiokertoimen nolla tarkoittaa, ettei ole suora viiva kahden välinen suhde numerosarjaa. Koska sovellettiin kahteen salkut, korkea korrelaatiokerroin suhteellisen tuoton mukaan salkun arvo on siirretty rinnakkain ja alhainen korrelaatiokerroin tarkoittaa päinvastaista. Kun korrelaatiokerroin on suuri, salkku olisi voitu käyttää korvikkeena tai hedge muille.
Korrelogrammi: Numeerinen ja graafinen näyttö testin tilastot autokorrelaatio diagnostisten rutiinia.
Kustannusten perusteella
Hinta tietyn osuuden tai ryhmän kannan osakkeita.
Vastatoimena: Hinta baari, jossa liike vastakkaiseen suuntaan ennen määräajan; retracement.
Kovarianssi: Moninkertaistaa poikkeama kunkin muuttujan sen tarkoittaa, lisää näitä tuotteita ja sitten jakaa että havaintojen määrä.
Kansi: Ostot takaisin sopimuksen myyty aikaisemmin.
Kuuluu Kirjoita: Kirjoittaminen puhelun vastaan pitkän position varastossa. Saadessaan palkkion, kirjailija aikoo toteuttaa lisää tuottoa taustalla kantaosakkeita tai saada jokin osa suoja (rajoitettu määrä palkkio vähemmän transaktiokustannukset) laskusta arvon että taustalla varastossa.
Halki Levitteet: Välinen ero raakaöljyn ja sen tuotteista: lämmitysöljyn ja lyijyttömän bensiinin suuri merkitys on kaupankäynnin prosessi.
Credit Levitä: Arvoeroa kaksi vaihtoehtoa, joiden arvo myyty ylittää arvon yksi ostettu.
Cross korrelaatioita
Missä määrin tulovirrat yksittäisten kauppiaiden saman yrityksen yleensä näytteille samankaltaista ajan.
CTI2: Market Profile terminologia kaupallinen selvitys jäseniä, toisin kuin CTI1 paikallisia lattia kauppiaita.
Cup ja kahva: Kertymistä havainnon bar kaavioita. Malli kestää seitsemästä 65 viikkoa, kuppi on muoto "U" ja kahva on yleensä enemmän kuin yksi tai kaksi viikkoa. Kahva on hieman alaspäin drift pienen kaupan määrällisesti oikealla puolella muodostumista.
Current ratio: Lyhytaikaiset varat yhtiön jaettuna sen velat. Taseen vahvuus merkintä.
Käyrä: Jatkuva kuva yksikön välein.
Curve-asennus: Kehittäminen monimutkaisia sääntöjä, että kartta tunnetut olosuhteet.
CUSIP
Numero komitean Uniform Security Identification menettely, joka näkyy kaikkien arvopapereiden asiakirjoihin. Jokainen vakuus annetaan määrää niin, että se on helposti tunnistettavissa.
Rajataajuus: Kohta, jossa useammin jaksoa ei läpäise suodattimen (esim. 10 päivän SMA poistaa syklin 20 päivää tai vähemmän).
Sykli: Vaihtelu jos kannalta huomio palaa sen alkuperä.
% D
Stokastiikkaan osoitus siitä, että on ollut sen arvoista tasoitti toisen kerran, yleensä kolmen jakson liukuva keskiarvo.
Daily Range: Ero korkean ja matalan hinnan aikana yksi kauppapäivä.
Tietojen esikäsittely
Muuttaa tietoja jossain määrin olla tarkemmin analysoida, tasoituksen vähentää ei-toivottujen tietojen poistaminen trendi. Tietojen käsittely on matemaattisesti muuttaa tietoja yhdestä muodosta toiseen, joiden tavoitteena on täydentää asiaankuuluvia tietoja kauppiaille.
Dead Cat Bounce
Rebound markkinoilla, näkee hinnat takaisin ja palaa jonkin verran.
Pankkikortti Levitä: Arvoeroa kaksi vaihtoehtoa, joiden arvo pitkän position ylittää arvon lyhyt positio.
Deduktiivinen logiikka: Logiikka on perinteisesti käytetty asiantuntijajärjestelmät, jossa määritellään menetelmä perustelut yleisestä erityiseen.
Deep-in-the-Money: Syvä-in-rahan osto-optio on lunastushinta on mahdollisuus selvästi alle nykyisen hinta instrumentista. Syvä-in-the-rahat vaihtoehto on lunastushinta on mahdollisuus selvästi nykyisen hinta instrumentista.
Vapausasteet: Määrä riippumattomista havainnoista, havaintojen määrä miinus muuttujien määrän arviointia.
Viive: Aikaa, joka kuluu muutos syöttö tapahtuma ja tuloksena muutos liittyy tuotannon tapahtuma tai aikasarjoja.
Delta: Määrä, jolla hinta mahdollisuus muuttaa jokaista dollaria liikkua instrumentista.
Delta-Hedged: Strategiasta, joka suojaa vaihtoehto vastaan pieni hinta muutoksia option kohde-etuus. Nämä suojaukset on rakennettu ottamalla position väline, joka on yhtä Magni tude mutta vastakkaiset (+/-) on option delta.
Delta Neutraali: Tämä on "options / valinnat" tai "options / kohde-etuus" kanta rakennettava niin, että se on todellinen sesti herkkä kurssilasku viiteasiakirjoihin. Tämä on järjestetty valitsemalla laskettu suhde korvata lyhyiden ja pitkien positioiden.
Delta kanta: Mittari option hinta vs. taustalla futuurisopimuksen tai osakekurssin.
Kysyntä Index: Indeksi, joka osoittaa osto ja myynti valtaa markkinoita ja varastojen matemaattiseen laske räyksiä määrän ja hinnan suhde.
Tiheysfunktio: Sellaisten toimenpide m, toiminto, joka aiheuttaa m kun integroimiseksi suhteessa joidenkin muiden erityisten toimenpide. Todennäköisyys tiheysfunktio on funktio, jonka olennainen yli jostakin antaa todennäköisyys, että satunnaismuuttuja on arvot tähän sarjaan.
Riippuvuus: Suhde kahden eri kokeellisia tuloksia, joissa ensimmäinen tulos ei suoraan vaikuta mahdollisuudet toisen tuloksen tapahtuu, mutta sen sijaan, kahden tuloksen välillisesti etuyhteydessä toisiinsa, koska ne ovat vaikutteita yhteisen ulkoisen tekijän.
Johdannaiset: Taloudelliset sopimukset, joiden arvo riippuu kohde-etuuksien arvo välineenä hyödyke, joukkovelkakirja-, osake-, valuutta-tai yhdistelmä.
Deterministisiä: Etukäteen tiedossa, jolloin summa yhden askeleen eteenpäin ennuste tarkoittaa squared virheitä on nolla.
Deterministisiä: Perustavanlaatuinen jatkuva vaikutus ulkoisen muuttujan, kuten rahan, että voidaan estää louhittu on selvä.
Deterministinen järjestelmä: Järjestelmä, jossa tulos määräytyy yhtälöstä, järjestelmästä, jossa syy ja seuraus on helppo määritellä.
Detrend: Voit poistaa yleinen sorto, suuntaus, tai taivuttaa joukko tilastotietoja liittyvät ajan.
Ero-in-tarveharkinta: Tilastollinen testi, joka osoittaa todennäköisyys tarkkailla ero, jos totta eroavat ENCE oli nolla. Suuri arvo tällä tilastoja johtaa nonacceptance on nollahypoteesi, että todellinen ero on nolla.
Eroteltua: Vähentämällä aiempien nykyisistä arvoista saada paikallaan (detrended) aikasarjoja: P paikallaan = Pt - Pt-1.
Diffusion yhtälö: Osittainen differentiaaliyhtälön, jota käytetään ratkaisemaan random walk ongelma.
Diffusion Index: Indeksi, joka mittaa osuus yksittäisen sarjan ovat positiivisia verrattuna yhteenlaskettu ryhmän eli osuus S & P ryhmiä, jotka ylittävät niiden 30 viikon liukuva keskiarvo.
Suunnattu Movement Index (DMI)

Kehittänyt J. Welles Wilder, DMI toimenpiteitä markkinoiden kehitykseen.
Jakelu
Kaikki asiaan liittyviä arvoja kuvataan keskimäärin (eli keskiarvo), jossa määritellään sen keskipisteessä, toimenpide leviäminen (eli standardi jakelu) ja mitata sen muoto (eli vino tai huipukkuus).
Ero: Kun kaksi tai useampia keskiarvoja tai indeksejä ei osoita vahvistaa suuntauksia.
Osinko
Osakkeenomistaja maksaa osuuden yhtiön voitoista.
Osinko Sijoitetaan Plan
Ohjelma tarjoaa julkinen osakeyhtiö, jonka osingot ovat tottuneet ostamaan lisää yhtiön osakkeita.
Doji: Istunto, jossa avoin ja lähellä on sama (tai lähes sama). Eri lajikkeiden doji linjat (kuten hautakiven tai pitkäsäärinen doji) riippuvat siitä, missä avaamisesta ja lähellä on suhteessa koko alueen. Doji linjat ovat tärkeimpiä yksittäisiä kynttilänjalka linjat. Ne ovat myös osa tärkeää kynttilänjalka mallit.
Dollari kustannukset Keskiarvon
Käyttämällä yhtä paljon varoja säännöllisesti investoida (usein neljännesvuosittain tai kuukausittain) ei oteta huomioon, onko arvopaperit ostetaan ovat korkeat tai alhaiset hinnat. Käyttämällä tätä menetelmää, sijoittaja näkee keskimäärin investointikustannukset ja markkinoiden ylös ja alas liikkeitä.
Kaksoispohja (Top): Hinta toimet turvallisuuden tai markkinoilla keskimäärin, jossa se on laskenut (advanced) kaksi kertaa samalle karkealla tasolla, mikä olisi osoitus tuen (vastus) taso ja mahdollisuus, että alas osastolla (ylöspäin) suuntaus on päättynyt.
Double-Smoothed: Hinta sarjaa, joka on pinta tasoitetaan matemaattista menetelmää, kuten liukuva keskiarvo. Tämä ensimmäinen sarja tasoittaa hintatiedot sitten tasoitti toisen kerran.
Double Top: Katso kaksoispohja. Hintarakenne nähty kartalla. Kuviot tapahtuu, kun hinnat nousevat ja vastus tasolla merkittävä määrä vetäytyä tukitason, ja myöhemmin palata vastus tasolla vähentynyt määrä. Hinnat sitten lasku ja murtaa tukitaso, merkintä alussa uuden laskutrendiä hinnan varastossa.
Nostoa: Väheneminen huomioon oman pääoman seurauksena kaupan tai useita kauppoja.
Juoppo's Walk: Katso random walk.
Durbin-Watson Tilasto: Todennäköisyys, että ensimmäisen tilauksen korrelaatio on olemassa. Kanssa vaihdella nollasta 4, lähemmäs 2,0, pienempi todennäköisyys on.
Dynamic Data Exchange: Kyky automaattisesti päivittää sovelluksen sisältä toisen sovelluksen.
Dynaaminen Liittyy kieli
Viittaa ohjelmakoodia voidaan käyttää ("kutsuttu"), jonka saat pääohjelman kun taas käynnissä Windows.
Early Entry: Suuri hinta liikkuu samaan suuntaan ensimmäisten 15 minuutin jälkeen avoinna on päivittäin istunto.
Tulos arviot
Arvioitu tulos ennustetaan yhtiön tilivuoden aikana.
Tehokas Market Theory: Kaikki tunnetut tiedot on jo diskontattu markkinoilla ja heijastuu hinta johtuu markkinaosapuolille saatuaan tiedot.
Jousto: Kyky toipua alkuperäisessä kokoonpanossa.
Sähköisen viestinnän verkossa
Independent toteuttaminen luomien välitys yritysten, yhteensovitus uusi vähittäiskaupan rajahintatoimeksiannot kanssa yhteensopiva tilauksia jo järjestelmässä.
Elliott Wave Theory: A pattern-recognition technique published by Ralph Nelson Elliott in 1939, which holds that the stock market follows a rhythm or pattern of five waves up and three waves down to form a complete cycle of eight waves. The three waves down are referred to as a “correction” of the preceding five waves up.
EMA: See Exponential Moving Average.
Engulfing Pattern: In candlestick terminology, a multiple candlestick line pattern; a major reversal signal with two opposing-color real bodies making up the pattern. (Also referred to as tsutsumi. )
Envelope: Lines surrounding an index or indicator that is, trading bands.
Entry
The point at which a trader gets into a position in the market.
Equilibrium Market: A price region that represents a balance between demand and supply.
Equivolume Chart: Created by Richard W. Arms, a chart in which the vertical axis is the high-low range for each day, while the horizontal axis represents the volume of shares of stock or the number of contracts traded for the day. The purpose of the chart is to highlight the relationship between price and volume.
ERISA
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act.
Estimated EPS Change: (%) Change in estimated mean earnings for the current fiscal year from the last month, last three months and last six months to the current month.
Eurodollar: Dollars deposited in foreign banks, with the futures contract reflecting the rates offered between London branches of top US banks and foreign banks.
Evening Star Pattern: The bearish counterpart of the morning star pattern; a top reversal, it should be acted on if it arises after an uptrend.
Exchange-Traded Funds: Collections of stocks that are bought and sold as a package on an exchange, principally the American Stock Exchange (AMEX), but also the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE).
Ex-Dividend Date: The day on or after which the right to receive a current dividend is not automatically transferred to a buyer.
Exercise: The process by which the holder of an option makes or receives delivery of shares of the underlying secu rity.
Poistua
Missä vaiheessa kauppias sulkee pois kauppaan.
Expert Systems: Dynaaminen mutta ei mukautettavissa, asiantuntijajärjestelmät ovat yleensä perustuvaa järjestelmiä, joita ei voi oppia kuin uusien tietojen syötetään sen järjestelmään verrattuna Neuroverkkojen, joka voi.
Päättyminen: Viimeinen päivä, jona optio voidaan käydä kauppaa.
Explained: Suhteellinen väheneminen vaihtelu muuttuja Y, joka voi johtua tietoa muuttujan X ja sen suhdetta Y.
Eksponentiaalinen tasoitus: Matemaattis-tilastollinen menetelmä ennustaa, että oletetaan tulevan hintakehityksen toiminta on painotettu keskiarvo menneiden ajanjaksojen, matematiikan sarja, jossa painoarvoa annetaan uudempaa hinta toimia.
Expert Systems: Dynaaminen mutta ei mukautettavissa, asiantuntijajärjestelmät ovat yleensä perustuvaa järjestelmiä, joita ei voi oppia kuin uusien tietojen syötetään sen järjestelmään verrattuna Neuroverkkojen, joka voi. Menestyneimmät taloudellisissa sovelluksissa, joissa säännellään säännöt ovat yhdenmukaisia.
Äärimmäinen: The highest or lowest price during any time period, a price extreme; in the CBOT Market Profile, the highest/lowest prices the market tests during a trading day.
F Statistics: The ratio of the variance explained by treatments to the unexpected variance.
Fade: Selling a rising price or buying a falling price. A trader fading an up opening would be short, for example.
Failure Swings: The inability of price to reaffirm a new high in an uptrend or a new low in a downtrend.
Failure: In Elliott wave theory, a five-wave pattern of movement in which the fifth impulse wave fails to move above the end of the third, or in which the fifth wave does not contain the five subwaves.
Fair Values: The theoretical prices generated by an option pricing model ( ie , the Black-Scholes option pricing model).
Fast Fourier Transform: A method by which to decompose data into a sum of sinusoids of varying cycle length, with each cycle being a fraction of a common fundamental cycle length.
Fast Market: A declaration that market conditions in the futures pit are so disorderly temporarily to the extent that floor brokers are not held responsible for the execution of orders.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
A self-sustaining, independent executive agency established to insure deposits of all US banks entitled to federal deposit insurance, as stated by the Federal Reserve Act.
Federal Reserve Bank
The governing central bank of the US.
Federal Open Market Committee
The policymaking committee of the Federal Reserve Bank. They meet on a regular basis to make decisions on economic policy.
Feedforward Computation: Neural network in which neurons receive information only from the previous layer and send outputs only to the following layer.
Fibonacci Ratio: The ratio between any two successive numbers in the Fibonacci sequence, known as phi (f). The ratio of any number to the next higher number is approximately 0.618 (known as the Golden Mean or Golden Ratio), and to the lower number approximately 1.618 (the inverse of the Golden Mean), after the first four numbers of the series. The three important ratios the series provides are 0.618, 1.0 and 1.618.
Fibonacci Sequence: Numerosarja (0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233 ...), löysi italialainen matemaatikko Leonardo de Pisa 13. vuosisadalla ja matemaattinen perusteella Elliott aalto teoria, jossa kaksi ensimmäistä ehdot järjestyksessä ovat 0 ja 1 ja peräkkäisten numero järjestyksessä on summa kahden edellisen numerot. Teknisesti se on järjestyksessä eikä sarja.
Täyttää: Toimeksiannon, toisinaan sillä tarkoitetaan hintaa, jolla toimeksianto toteutetaan.
Täytä Tilaa: Jotta on täytettävä välittömästi (tai peruutettu).
Suodata Point: Aika, jolloin salkku vakuutus ohjelma tekee mukauttamisesta kauppaa.
Suodatin: Laite tai ohjelma, joka erottaa, signaalin tai tietojen mukaisesti määrätyt perusteet.
Tulipalo: (Verbi) asiantuntijatehtävissä järjestelmä ohjelmointia, tavallisesti käytetään kuvaamaan "käynnistävän" tai "aktivointi" on sääntö. Sääntö on "potkut", "käynnistyy" tai "käyttöön", kun sen edellytykset täyttyvät, ja sen "consequents" (tuloksena tosiasiat) lisätään tietopohjaa.
Fit Criterion: A quantitative comparable measure used to minimize model errors.
5% Confidence: Before conducting statistical tests, an analyst must select a confidence level that will be used to determine when to accept the null hypothesis. A 5% confidence level indicates that one is not willing to accept the null hypothesis when the average net return calculated from the sample could have occurred in only five of 100 samples if the null hypothesis were true.
Flaglike: Sideways market price action that has a slight drift in price counter to the direction of the main trend; a consolidation phase.
Flash Fill
Order filled immediately by hand signal on the trading floor.
Float: The number of shares currently available for trading.
Floor Traders: Employees of brokerage firms working on exchange trading floors.
Flyers: Speculative or high-risk trades.
Forecast Origin: The most recent historical period for which data is used to build a forecasting model. The next time period is the first forecast period.
Forward-Rate Agreements (FRAs): Käteismaksut suoritetaan päivittäin paikalla vaihtelee ylä-tai alapuolella sovitut korkotermiinit ja voidaan suojautua kanssa eurodollarin futuurit.
Fractal ulottuvuus: Vuodesta fraktaaligeometrian, jota käytetään kuvaamaan sääntöjenvastaisesta luonteesta, viivojen, käyrien, lentokoneiden tai määriä.
Fraktaalit: Kuva matemaattisia malleja voidaan soveltaa tunnistaa tietojen malleja.
Framing tai Frame Riippuvuus
Käyttäytymistieteellisen rahoituksen. Taipumus arvioida nykyisten päätösten puitteissa, jossa ne on esitetty. Päätöksentekoon perustuu käsityksiin riski / tuotto-eikä puhdasta riskin ja tuoton. Tavallinen esimerkki on luokittelu, jossa rahaa tulee ja mitä se on "annettu" ja sen sijaan tunnustaa sen vaihdettavuuden. Toinen vaihtoehto on puhua runko riippumattomuus, jossa käyttäytyminen ei vaikuta miten päätös on kehystetty. Examples are loss aversion, hedonic editing, loss of self-control, regret, and money illusion.
Frequency: The number of complete cycles observed per time period (ie, cycles per year).
Frequency Component: That part of a time series that may be represented as a cycle.
Frequency Distribution: A chart showing the number of times (or “frequency”) an event occurs for each possible value of the event. The vertical or y-axis of the chart is the frequency axis and the horizontal or x-axis shows the different values the variable being measured can take.
Frequency Domain: Variation in a time series is accounted for by cyclical components at different frequencies.
Frequency Response: The transfer of the frequency of the underlying data, usually prices, to the frequency of its moving average.
Front-Loaded: Commission and fees taken out of investment capital before the money is put to work.
Front Month: The first expiration month in a series of months.
Front-Running
The practice of trading ahead of large orders to take advantage of favorable price movement. Brokers are prohibited from this practice.
Fundamental Analysis: The analytical method by which only the sales, earnings and the value of a given tradable's assets may be considered.
Fundamentals: Teoria, että katsoo, että osakemarkkinat toimintaa voidaan ennustaa tarkastelemalla suhteellisen tiedot ja tilastot kaluston sekä hallinta yrityksen ja sen tulos.
Tulevat Volatiliteetti: Ennuste siitä, mitä volatiliteetti voi olla kuin tulevaisuudessa.
Fuzzy Systems: Ongelmanratkaisun menetelmä, jota voidaan soveltaa neuroverkkoja, asiantuntija ja muut tietokonees ING menetelmiä. Sumea järjestelmät käsitellä epätarkkaa tietoa inexactly ja kuvata epäselvyyttä sijaan epävar mäisarvo ja esiintymistä ja ovat hyödyllisiä suorittaa valvontaa ja päätöksentekoa tehtäviä. Ei Boolen

Gamma

Määrin joka delta tehdyt muutokset muutosten taustalla välineen hinta.

Gann's Square ja 9

Kaupankäynnin väline, joka liittyy numeroita, kuten osakekurssin, jotta astetta ympyrän.

Gann teoria

Eri analyysimenetelmien kehittänyt legendaarinen kauppias WD Gann.

Aukko

Päivä, jolloin päivittäinen alue on täysin yli tai alle edellisen päivän päivittäin erilaisia.

Geneettiset algoritmit

Algorithms that mimic the characteristics associated with evolution and that are well-suited to optimization problems such as optimizing neural network parameters.

Genetic Programming

In artificial intelligence, this form of programming automatically generates a program from a set of primitive constructs.

Give-up

When a broker executes an order for another broker's client and the two brokers split the commission; the client pays nothing extra.

Golden Mean or Golden Ratio

The ratio of any two consecutive numbers in the Fibonacci sequence, known as phi and equal to 0.618; a proportion that is an important phenomenon in music, art, architecture and biology.

Golden Section

Any length divided so that the ratio of the smaller to the larger part is equivalent to the ratio between the larger part and the whole and is always 0.618.

Greeks

Jargon; a loose term encapsulating a set of risk variables used by options traders.

Gross Domestic Product

Value of all goods and services produced domestically.

Growth Fund

A more speculative mutual fund made up primarily of the growth or performance stocks that are expected to appreciate in price more than the broad market over an extended time period.

Guaranteed Investment Contracts (GICs)

A single lump-sum deposit that earns a guaranteed interest until a known maturity date. GICs are issued by insurance companies.

Harami

In candlestick terminology, a small real body contained within a relatively long real body.

Head and Shoulders

When the middle price peak of a given tradable is higher than those around it.

Hedge Fund

A mutual fund involving speculative investing in stocks and options.

Herrick Payoff Index

An index requiring two inputs, one of which is a smoothing factor known as the multiplying factor and the other of which is the value of a one-cent move.

Heuristic Bias

The use of rules of thumb for decisions.

Heuristic Method

Problem solving approached by trying out several different methods and comparing which pro vides the best solution.

Heuristics

(Tietojenkäsittelytiede) laskennallisen nyrkkisääntöjä. Distinct from algorithms, which are programs guaran teed to generate the correct result under all circumstances, heuristics may only turn out to be correct a certain percentage of time.

Hidden node

Elements that give a neural network the ability to learn nonlinear patterns. The hidden nodes math ematically transform inputs by passing weighted sums of those inputs through nonlinear functions.

Hierarchical Neural Network

In artificial intelligence, a neural network in which predictions derived from networks at one level of the hierarchy are incorporated as inputs at another level. This architecture lends itself to faster training, as each network focuses learning solely on its own output.

High Pass Frequency Filter

A detrending filter that lets pass the high frequency noise and rejects low frequency trend. Implemented by first applying a low pass filter to the data, then subtracting the filtered data from the original data.

High-Ticking

To pay the offered price.

Hines Ratio

A modified put/call ratio that refines traditional option ratio analysis by including the open interest figures in the equation and can be defined as (Total put volume/Total put open interest) divided by (Total call volume/Total call open interest)

Historiallinen volatiliteetti

How much contract price has fluctuated over a period of time in the past; usually calculated by taking a standard deviation of price changes over a time period.

Historical Data

A series of past daily, weekly or monthly market prices (open, high, low, close, volume, open inter est).

Hook Day

A trading day in which the open is above/below the previous day's high/low and the close is below/above the previous day's close with narrow range.

Implied Alpha

The excess return expected from a stock to justify its current weighing in the portfolio.

Implied Volatility

The volatility computed using the actual market prices of an option contract and one of a number of pricing models. For example, if the market price of an option rises without a change in the price of the underlying stock or future, implied volatility will have risen.

Impulse

A sharply defined change in a series of input data being studied, such as market prices or volume.

Impulse Wave

A wave or cycle of waves that carries the current trend further in the same direction.

Live

Kannasta, joka keskittyy julkisen tarjouskilpailu, kuten haltuunotto tai niissä raid.

In-Money

A call option whose strike price is lower than the stock or future's price, or a put option whose strike price is higher than the underlying stock or future's price. For example, when a commodity price is $500, a call option with a strike price of $400 is considered in-the-money.

Income Dividends

Payments to mutual fund shareholders consisting of dividends, interest and short-term capital gains earned on the fund's portfolio securities after deduction of operating expenses.

Index Fund

A mutual fund that replicates the behavior of a given index.

Inductive Logic

The progress from statements describing particular events to a general statement.

Inefficient Markets

Behavioral finance. Driven by frame dependence and heuristic bias, when market prices stray from fundamental values.

Initial Balance

The first or first two half-hour trading periods in the CBOT Market Profile during which prices tend to converge; the initial auction of the trading day.

Initial Public Offering

When a stock is officially available for the public to buy.

Inside Day

A day in which the daily price range is completely within the previous day's daily price range.

Interest Rate Swaps

An arrangement that requires both sides of the transaction to make payments to each other based on two different interest rates. The most commonly traded requires one side to pay a fixed rate and the other to pay a floating rate.

Intermarket Analysis

Observing the price movement of one market for the purpose of evaluating a different market.

Intrinsic Value

The portion of an option's premium that is represented when the cash market price is greater than the exercise price; a known constant equal to the difference between the strike price and underlying market price.

Investment Clubs

Small, private organizations in which a group of investors, usually novices, pool their time and resources to learn more than they could on their own about various forms of investments and then invest their own money as a group.

IRA

Individual Retirement Account. An employer's retirement plan that, as specified by tax law, allows employees to elect to have their federal taxable income be deducted and set aside for retirement.

Irregular Flat

A type of Elliott wave correction that has a 3-3-5 wave pattern, where the B wave terminates beyond the start of wave A. A “flat” is in progress, implying that a larger pattern is developing. It will contain waves of one higher degree than the ABC waves just completed.

Island

Electronic communications network.

January Effect

The tendency for securities prices to recover in January after tax-related selling is completed before the year-end.

Jumbo Certificate of Deposit

A CD worth at least $100,000.

Kagi

One of three types of Japanese candlestick charts that does not have time on the horizontal axis.

Kalman Filters

A linear system in which the mean squared error between the desired and the actual output is minimized when the input is a random signal.

Kelly's Law

Bet bigger when the odds are in your favor. In management wisdom, if anything does go wrong, it will do so in triplicate. Also, an executive will always go back to work early if no one takes him.

Knowledge Base

In artificial intelligence, a given inventory of knowledge specific to a set of rules.

Kondratieff, Nikolai

Developer of a wave theory.

KST

Indicator developed by Martin Pring. A weighted summed rate of change oscillator. Four different rates of change are calculated, smoothed, multiplied by weights and then summed to form one indicator.

Kurtosis

Descriptive measure of how flat or pointed a distribution is.

Lag

The number of data points that a filter, such as a moving average, follows or trails the input price data.

Latest Quarterly Earnings

(%) The percentage change from the latest earnings earnings reported compared with the same quarter a year earlier.

Law of Series

A succession of random events, such as flipping a coin.

Lead

The number of data points that a filter, much as a moving average, precedes the input price data.

LEAPS

Acronym for long-term equity anticipation securities , which are long-term listed options, with maturities that can be as long as two and a half years.

Least Squares Method

A technique of fitting a curve close to some given points that minimizes the sum of the squares of the deviations of the given points from the curve.

Leg

One side of a spread.

Leg Out

In rolling forward in futures, a method that would result in liquidating a position.

Limit Move

A change in price that exceeds the limits set by the exchange on which the contract is traded.

Limit Order

An order to buy or sell when a price is fixed.

Limit Up, Limit Down

Commodity exchange restrictions on the maximum upward or downward movements permit ted in the price for a commodity during any trading session day.

LISP

A programming language based on predicate logic and is the one most commonly used in artificial intelligence applications.

Ljung-Box statistic

A chi-square test of significance of higher order correlation existence. The marginal significance level is the probability that a no more higher order correlation exists.

Load

Commission and fees taken out of investment capital; that is, the situation in which a front-loaded mutual fund takes commission and fees out of investment capital before the money is put to work.

Local

The trader in a pit of a commodity exchange who buys and sells for his or her account.

Locked Limit

A market that, if not restricted, would seek price equilibrium outside the limit but, instead, moves to the limit and ceases to trade.

Pitkään

Establishing ownership of the responsibilities of a buyer of a tradable; holding securities in anticipation of a price increase in that security.

Lookback Interval

The number of periods of historical data used for observation and calculation.

Low Pass Frequency Filter

A data smoother or filter that lets pass low frequency trend sinusoids and rejects high frequency noise ( see SMA).

Low-Ticking

To sell at the bid price.

MACD

See Moving Average Convergence/Divergence.

Macro

A computer method commonly used in spreadsheets to automate repetitive steps by recording the necessary keystrokes. The macro can then be run and the keystrokes implemented.

Major Auction

The overall trend of the market such as might be observed on a bar chart.

Managed Futures

A fund that uses the futures market as its primary asset.

Mandelbrot Set

Complex but structured pattern produced by an equation in which the result is fed back into the equation repeatedly; self-similarity.

Mapping

A function, or relation between values.

Margin

In stock trading, an account in which purchase of stock may be financed with borrowed money; in futures trading, the deposit placed with the clearinghouse to assure fulfillment of the contract. This amount varies daily and is settled in cash.

Marginal Significance Level of Test-Statistics

The probability distribution used to test the hypothesis that the beta coefficient does not equal zero. A T-statistic of approximately 1.65 reflects a 0.90 or 90% confidence and the mar ginal significance is 1-0.90 = 0.1 or 10%.

Marked to Market

At the end of each business day the open positions carried in an account held at a brokerage firm are credited or debited funds based on the settlement price of the open positions that day.

Market Breadth

The shares of a particular stock traded during a specific period. Usually refers to the overall strength and trading volume of the market.

Market If Touched

Resting order with the floor broker that becomes a market order to be executed if the trigger price is traded.

Market Maker

A broker or bank continually prepared to make a two-way price to purchase or sell for a security or currency.

Market on Close

An order specification that requires the broker to get the best price available on the close of trading, usually during the last five minutes of trading.

Market Order

Instructions to the broker to immediately sell to the best available bid or to buy from the best available offer.

Market Risk

The uncertainty of returns attributable to fluctuation of the entire market.

Market Sentiment

Crowd psychology, typically a measurement of bullish or bearish attitudes among investors and traders.

Market Timing

Using analytical tools to devise entry and exit methods.

Market Value

Company value determined by investors, obtained by multiplying the current price of company stock by the common shares outstanding.

Markov Chain

A set of processes where the probabilities for the next state are dependent on the present state.

Martingale

From roulette; a tactical system that requires doubling your bet after each loss, so that winning once you recoup the amount originally bet.

MATIF

The Marche A Terme Des Instruments Financiers exchange in Paris.

Maxima

The highest or maximum value.

Maximax

Optimistic decision-making that identifies the decision alternative with the best possible outcomes.

Maximin

Pessimistic decision-making that identifies the decision alternative with the worst possible outcomes.

Maximum Adverse Excursion

A historical measurement of the closed losing trades versus the closed profitable trades of a trading system. Used to determine the stop-loss level that can be used that will allow winning trades to remain; the extreme unfavorable price level reached for both profitable and unprofitable trades.

Maximum Entropy Method

More flexible than Fourier analysis, the maximum entropy method is both a tool for spectrum analysis and a method of adaptive filtering and trend forecasting. As a tool for spectrum analysis, the MEM system can provide high resolution spectra for identifying the dominant data cycles within relatively short time series, such as open, high, low, close, volume and open interest, or study results, such as RSI, TRIX, and so on. (Fourier analysis, in contrast, gives best results when applied to time series of six months or longer.) As a forecasting tool, MEM is used in conjunction with moving averages to forecast lower and upper trend channels in the data.

Maximum Entropy Spectrum Analysis

See Maximum Entropy Method.

Mean

When the sum of the values is divided by the number of observation.

Mean Deviation

The average absolute value of the difference between the population of numbers and the mean.

Mean P/L

The average profitability of a trader's account, as measured over a given period.

Mean Return

The average monthly total return of a stock. The total return is price change added to dividends.

Mean Reverting

The term adopted in academic literature for one possible state of a price series: that state when price is oscillating randomly about some (unknown) mean value. That is, it is not trending.

Median Line

The line that is drawn from an extreme that bisects a line drawn through the next corrective phase after the pivot point. See Andrews Method.

MEM

See Maximum Entropy Method.

Mental Stop-Loss

A stop-loss order kept in your head instead of instructing your broker.

MESA

See Maximum Entropy Spectrum Analysis.

Minima

The lowest or minimum value.

Minor Auction

The latest trend of the market, ie, what it is doing now.

Mode

The most frequently occurring value.

Malli

Equation.

Modern Portfolio Theory

Investing theory in which portfolio managers estimate and manage risk and return.

Modified Endowment Contract

Life insurance in which funds such as policy loans, assignments, pledges, and partial surrenders are considered gross income and subject to income tax.

Momentum

A time series representing change of today's price from some fixed number of days back in history.

Momentum Filter

A measure of change, derivative or slope of the underlying trend in a time series. Implemented by first applying a low pass filter to the data and then applying a differencing operation to the results.

Momentum Indicator

A market indicator utilizing price and volume statistics for predicting the strength or weakness of a current market and any overbought or oversold conditions, and to note turning points within the market.

Money Flow

A number of technical indicators that incorporate volume and price action to measure buying or selling pressure.

Money Market

The market in which dealers trade riskless, short-term securities such as certificates of deposit and Treasury bills.

Money Market Fund

A mutual fund made up of money market instruments that are short term in nature.

Money Stop

A fixed amount of money that a market participant would lose if a stop were hit.

Monowave

In Elliott wave theory, a single wave within a range of waves.

Morning Star

A bottom reversal pattern, according to Steve Nison a signal that the bulls have seized control.

Moving Average

A mathematical procedure to smooth or eliminate the fluctuations in data and to assist in determin ing when to buy and sell. Moving averages emphasize the direction of a trend, confirm trend reversals and smooth out price and volume fluctuations or “noise” that can confuse interpretation of the market; the sum of a value plus a selected number of previous values divided by the total number of values.

Moving Average Crossovers

The point where the various moving average lines intersect each other or the price line on a moving average price bar chart. Technicians use crossovers to signal price-based buy and sell opportunities.

Moving Average Model

A time series equation representing an observed value at time t as a linear combination of present and past random shocks et (forecast errors).

Moving Average Convergence/ Divergence (MACD)

The crossing of two exponentially smoothed moving averages that are plotted above and below a zero line. The crossover, movement through the zero line, and divergences generate buy and sell signals.

Moving Window

Snapshot of a portion of a time series at an instant in time. The window is moved along the time series at a constant rate.

MFT Indicators

Muti Time Frame indicators For Metatrader. These are indicators which can be applied to one time period on a chart but refect changes on a different selected time period.

Multicolinearity

Two variables that have a correlation of greater than 0.70 or less than -0.70 in a regression model. The final result is the two variables explaining the same portion of variation where either variable would be suffi cient.

Multiple Linear Regression

More than one independent variable is used to account for the variability in one depen dent variable.

Mutual Fund

A company that invests money of its shareholders in a variety of areas, usually stocks.

Naked Put

The writer of a put option contract who is not short the underlying security.

Narrow Range Day

A trading day with a smaller price range relative to the previous day's price range.

National Association of Investors Corporation

Also known as the National Association of Investment Clubs.

Near-Month Contract/Far-Month Contract

Contract whose expiration is near/far.

Near-the-Money

An option with a strike price close to the current price of the underlying tradable.

Neckline

A trendline drawn along the support or resistance points of various reversal and consolidation pattern (ie, head and shoulder, double and triple top/bottom formations).

Negative Amortization

This means that a payment of the stated size is insufficient to repay even the interest on the debt, meaning the total debt actually increases each month instead of falling.

Negative Divergence

When two or more averages, indices or indicators fail to show confirming trends.

Net Asset Value

The total market value of all securities contained in a mutual fund; also known as price per share.

Neural Network

An artificial intelligence program that is capable of learning through a training process of trial and error.

No-Action Letter

The Federal Reserve, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) agrees to take no action to block a proposal by an exchange or company in conducting some aspect of the securities business. The aspect could be for almost anything, but the most common is a new contract listing or a new security issuance.

No-Load

Without any sales charge. For mutual funds, shares sold at net asset value.

Noise

Price and volume fluctuations that can confuse interpretation of market direction.

Noisy Signal

A signal in which the effects of random influences cannot be dismissed.

Nonlinear Dynamics Analysis

Analysis of relationships that start from well-defined outcomes to complex and cha otic results.

Nonlinear Statistics

Statistics theory that attempts to define probability distribution from disorder to either a more orderly state or a sharp trend reversal, such as stock market fluctuations.

Non-Seasonal Autocorrelation

Autocorrelation that shows up other than at 12-month lag intervals.

Non-Trend Day

A narrow range day lacking any discernible movement in either direction.

Normal Distribution

For the purposes of statistical testing, the simulated net returns are assumed to be drawn from a particular distribution. If net returns are drawn from a normal distribution, low and high returns are equally likely, and the most likely net return in a quarter is the average net return.

Normalized

Adjusting a time series so that the series lies in a prescribed normal, standard range.

Notice Day

The day that a notice of intent to deliver is issued to a futures contract holder.

Null Hypothesis

The hypothesis that there is no validity to the specific claim that two variations (treatments) of the same thing can be distinguished by a specific procedure.

Observer

A concept used in radar research, applicable to trading, in how often and what manner detection or radar contact is achieved.

OBV

See On-Balance Volume.

Odd Lot

An order to buy/sell fewer than 100 shares of stock.

Off Farm

The amount of stocks held by nonproducers including supplies held at mills, elevators, terminals, and processors.

On Farm

The amount of stocks held by producers.

On-Balance Volume

Plotted as a line representing the cumulative total of volume. The volume from a day's trading with a higher close when compared with the previous day is assigned a positive value, while volume on a lower close from the previous day is assigned a negative value. Traders look for a confirmation of a trend in OBV with the market or a divergence between the two as an indication of a potential reversal.

One-Tailed T-Test

A statistical test of significance for a distribution that changes its shape as N gets smaller; based on a variable t , equal to the difference between the mean of the sample and the mean of the population divided by a result obtained by dividing the standard deviation of the sample by the square root of the number of individuals in the sample.

OPEC

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries Opening Print The first price of a stock that comes across the ticker for the session.

Open Trades

Current trades that are still held active in the customer's account.

Opening Call

A period at the opening of a futures market in which the price for each contract is established by outcry.

Opening Range

The range of prices that occur during the first 30 seconds to five minutes of trading, depending on the preference of the individual analyst.

Opportunity Costs

Income foregone by the commitment of resources to another use.

Optimization

A methodology by which a system is developed with rules tailored to fit the data in question precisely.

Option

A contract that provides the right but not the obligation to buy or sell a specified amount of a security within a specified time period.

Optional Cash Purchase

Buying additional shares made through the dividend reinvestment account.

Order

The number of days of past price history used to predict the following day's price.

Oscillator

Technical indicator used to identify overbought and oversold price regions. An indicator that detrends data, such as price.

Out-of-Sample

An item within the range of a sample that does not conform to the mean of the sample.

Out-of-the-Money

A call option whose exercise price is above the current market price of the underlying security or futures contract. For example, if a commodity price is $500, then a call option purchased for a strike price of $550 is considered out-of-the-money.

Out Trade

A mismatched trade between two traders in the pit, and which is settled the next day.

Outdata

The result (singular) stemming from a statistical test.

Outlier

A value removed from the other values to such an extreme that its presence cannot be attributed to the random combination of chance causes.

Outside Reversal Month

A month in which the recent monthly trading range exceeds the previous month's range and closes opposite (reverses) the previous month's close.

Overbought

Market prices that have risen too steeply and too fast.

Overfitting

The parameters of a trading system are selected to return the highest profit over the historical data.

Overfitting

A model developed with rules tailored to fit the historical data precisely.

Overshoot

To pass beyond or over a specific targeted level.

Oversold

Market prices that have declined too steeply and too fast.

Overbought/Oversold Indicator

An indicator that attempts to define when prices have moved too far and too fast in either direction and thus are vulnerable to a reaction.

Par

The full principal amount of an investment instrument.

Parabola

The U-shaped curve in the plane given by the equation of the form

Parabolic

Of, having the form of or relating to a parabola.

Parameter

A variable, set of data, or rule that establishes a precise format for a model.

Pareto's Law

A law that states that 80% of results come from 20% of the effort.

PASCAL

Block-structured programming language developed originally as an aid to instruction, now widely used for applications development.

Pennants

A short compact wedge accompanied by receding volume.

Percentile

A value on a scale of one hundred that indicates the percent of a distribution that is equal to or below it.

Perceptron

A pattern-recognition machine, based on an analogy to the human nervous system, capable of learning by means of a feedback system that reinforces correct answers and discourages wrong ones.

Pessimistic Rate of Return

A statistic that adjusts the usual wins/losses statistic to estimate the worst return from trading results. It reduces the number of wins by the square root of the actual number and increase the number of losses by the square root of the actual number of losses. The resulting numbers of wins or losses are multiplied by the average win or loss and the sum of the resulting wins/losses is divided by the required investment.

Phase Delay

The time lag that a filter falls behind the pre-filtered data.

Phasor

Used to describe the frequency, amplitude, and phase of all frequency components of the signal.

Pivot Point

In market activity, a price reversal point.

Point and Figure Chart

A price-only chart that plots up prices as Xs and down prices as Os. The minimum price recorded is called the box size . Typically, a three-box reversal indicates a change in the direction of prices.

Position Management Ratio

The ratio of profits extracted on winning transactions versus losses suffered on trades that liquidate unprofitably.

Premium

The price a buyer pays to an option writer for granting an option contract.

Preprocessing

Altering data to some extent to be more accurately analyzed; smoothing, reducing unwanted data, removing trend. Processing data is mathematically transforming the data from one form into another with the goal of amplifying the pertinent information for traders.

Prewhitening

Removing the bulk of first, second and possibly third order autocorrelations using non-linear regres sion.

Price/Earnings Ratio

Stock price divided by annual earnings per share.

Price to Sales Ratio

The price of a stock divided by sales-per-share of the company in the most recent fiscal year.

Probability Density Function

A graph showing the probability of occurrence of a particular data point (price).

Profit Margin Expansion

In long-term reference, a measure of a company's net profit margin in the latest reported quarter divided by profit margin in the fiscal year previous. In short-term reference, a measure of a company's net profit margin in the latest reported quarter divided by profit margin in the quarter immediately preceding.

Profit Taking

Selling tradables that have appreciated since initial purchase in order to take advantage of the appreciation.

Program Trading

Trades based on signals from computer programs, usually entered directly from the trader's com puter to the market's computer system.

Prospectus

Report published by the company that operates a mutual fund. It describes the fund's investment objectives; its managers and their experience; the fees and charges associated with the fund; and policies and restrictions.

Put Option

A contract to sell a specified amount of a stock or commodity at an agreed time at the stated exercise price.

Pyramid

To increase holdings that an investor has by using the most buying power available in a margin account with paper and real profits.

Quarterly Earnings Change

(%) Historical earnings change between the earnings most recently reported and the quarter preceding.

Quarterly Net Profit Margin

(%) Net operating earnings after taxes for the latest quarter divided by revenues for the quarter.

Quick Ratio

Indicates a company's financial strength; a company's cash and equivalent divided by current liabili ties.

Quotron

A proprietary financial data service.

R-squared

The percentage of variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the regression equation. A relative measure of fit.

Rally Tops

A price level that concludes a short-term rally in an ongoing trend. A bull market will be made up of a series of rally tops.

Random Shock

The unexplained component of an equation that models a time series (e forecast errors).

Random Walk

A theory that says there is no sequential correlation between prices from one day to the next, that prices will act unpredictably as they seek a level in response to supply and demand.

Range

The difference between the high and low price during a given period.

Range Extension

In the CBOT Market Profile, a price movement beyond the range set by the initial auction.

Rate of Change

In which today's closing price is divided by the closing price n days ago. Multiply by 100. Subtract 100 from this value. ((C today/Cn) * 100) – 100.

Ratio

The relation that one quantity bears to another of the same kind, with respect to magnitude or numerical value.

RBAR-squared

The R-squared value adjusted for the number of degrees of freedom.

Reaction

A short-term decline in price.

Realized/Unrealized P/L

The difference between trading revenues that are generated on positions that have been offset and closed, versus those associated with the marking of open positions to current market prices.

Rectangle

A trading area bounded by horizontal, or near horizontal, lines. It can either be a reversal or continuation pattern, depending on the breakout.

Recursive

A process that is repetitive and usually dependent upon the results of the previous repetition.

Regression (simple)

A mathematical way of stating the statistical linear relationship between one independent and one dependent variable.

Relative Return

The annualized return on an investment in excess of the average three-month US Treasury bill yield during the same period as the investment. This statistic measures the return on an investment relative to what would have otherwise been earned on a risk-free investment.

Relative Return Standard Deviation

Measures the amount of variability of the relative return. A large relative return standard deviation indicates that the relative return experienced during the holding period fluctuated dramatically and, if the holding period was different, a significantly different relative return would have been achieved. A small relative return standard deviation indicates the opposite.

Relative Strength

A comparison of the price performance of a stock to a market index such as Standard & Poor's 500 stock index.

Relative Strength Index

An indicator invented by J. Welles Wilder and used to ascertain overbought/oversold and divergent situations.

Renko

A kind of candlestick chart that does not take time into account for constructing the chart.

Representativeness

Behavioral finance. Judgment by stereotype.

Residual Value

The standard deviation of the unexplained portion of the monthly return.

Resistance

A price level at which rising prices have stopped rising and either moved sideways or reversed direction; usually seen as a price chart pattern.

Resistance Line

On a chart, a line drawn indicating the price level at which rising prices have stopped rising and have moved sideways or reversed direction.

Response

The change in value of the average in response to the impulse.

Resting Order

An order placed with a condition or qualifer but not yet executed.

Retention Rate

Percentage of a firm's aftertax profits that can be put to those earnings retained.

Retracement

A price movement in the opposite direction of the previous trend.

Return on Assets

(%ROA) The net earnings of a company divided by its assets.

Return on Equity

(%ROE) the net earnings of a company divided by its equity.

Reverse Exponential Moving Average

An exponential moving average computed working backward through the time series, rather than forward, as is the case with a standard EMA. A REMA is used so the target would reflect only future price behavior, not past action that would induce spurious correlation.

Reward-Risk Ratio

Monthly excess return to risk comparison, calculated by dividing alpha by standard deviation. (A ratio better than 0.4 is excellent.)

Reward-Risk Rank

Stocks ranked in descending order by reward-risk ratio.

Reversal Gap

A chart formation where the low of the last day is completely above the previous day's range with the close above midrange and above the open.

Reversal Stop

A stop that, when hit, is a signal to reverse the current trading position, ie, from long to short. Also known as stop and reverse .

Rich

Price higher than expected.

Risk (Implied)

In which the formula produces the percentage overbought/oversold for a contract using the price, a moving average and the option's implied volatility.

Risk-Adjusted Return on Capital (RAROC)

Another measure of risk-adjusted profitability, derived as the ratio between P/L and value at risk.

Roll

Substituting a far option for a near option on the same underlying instrument at the same strike price; also to roll forward or roll over.

Root Mean Square Percentage Error

(Rmspe) Square root of the average sum of squared errors experessed as a percentage.

Rotation

Moving funds from one sector to another sector of the stock market as the business cycle unfolds.

Roth IRA

An individual retirement account where contributions are not deductible, taxes are not paid on distributions and allows penalty-free withdrawals for first-time homebuyers and retirees.

Running Market

A market wherein prices are changing rapidly in one direction with very few or no price changes in the opposite direction.

Running Total

Each day's value is added to yesterday's total or subtracted if the value is negative.

Sales Growth

The growth in sales in a company.

Sales Load

A service charge of a mutual fund that is added to the costs of owning a stake in the fund.

Saucer Base

Similar to a cup and handle formation, but the saucer base is shallower and rounder in shape.

Savings and Loan Investment Contracts (SLICs)

A negotiated-term deposit issued by a savings and loan.

Scallop

Chart formation in which the price dips momentarily, forming a cup, before resuming its upward course.

Scalp

In commodities, purchasing and selling in equal amounts so there is no net position at the end of the trading day; a speculative attempt to make a quick profit by buying at the initial offering price in the hope the issue will increase and can be sold.

Schwarz-a-tron

A dedicated computer system for options calculations and simulations.

Seasonal Autocorrelation

Autocorrelation that shows up at 12-, 24-, 36- and 48-month lag intervals or at four, eight, 12 and 16 quarterly lags.

Seasonal Trend

A consistent but short-lived rise or drop in market activity that occurs due to predictable changes in climate or calendar.

Seasonality

A consistent and predictable change in market activity that occurs from consistent and predictable events.

Sector Fund

A mutual fund that concentrates on trading a range of securities within a broad industry group, such as technology, energy or financial services.

Sector Rotation

When a block of investment professionals cash out of one industry sector to invest in another.

Secular Trend

Pertaining to a long indefinite period of time.

Security Selection Ratio

The percentage of trades in a given account that liquidate profitably.

Seed

The first value used to start a calculation. For example, an exponentially smoothed moving average (EMA) uses the previous day's EMA for the calculation. On the first day's calculation of the EMA, you could use a simple moving average as the seed for the EMA.

SelectNet

A Nasdaq execution technology.

Self-Affine Transformation

A rescaling procedure used in fractal geometry and performed on a two-variable system. For example, in a system utilizing an x-axis and y-axis representing time and price, the x-axis could be rescaled by one ratio and/or procedure while the y-axis is rescaled by a different ratio and/or procedure.

Selling Short

Selling a security and then borrowing the security for delivery with the intent of replacing the security at a lower price. In futures trading, selling short is to assume the responsibility of the seller vs. the buyer in the establishment of the futures contract between parties.

Semilog

Scaling method. With semilog, the distance between each point of a chart is exponential. Semilog scaling is used to compare relative price changes rather than physical point changes.

Sensitivity

The rate of change of the moving average in response to the movement of the underlying data. The most sensitive period is that in which the rate of change of the moving average is fastest in response to changes in the sinewave.

Serial Correlation

The systematic relationship between successive observation of a time series.

Serially Independent

A number that is unrelated to the previous number in a given series in any way.

Settlement

The price at which all outstanding positions in a stock or commodity are marked to market. Typically, the closing price.

Shapiro-Wilkes Test

A statistical test indicating the likelihood that the sample of simulated net returns was drawn from a normal distribution. A small value of this statistic leads to nonacceptance of the null hypothesis that the sample is drawn from a normal distribution.

Shareholder of Record

Share owner of company stock as registered in company files.

Shaved Candlestick

In candlestick charting, when the shadows of a candle which mark the area between the real body and the extremes and give the appearance of being wicks are absent.

Short Interest

Shares that have been sold short but not yet repurchased.

Short Interest Ratio

A ratio that indicates the number of trading days required to repurchase all of the shares that have been sold short. A short interest ratio of 2.50 would tell us that based on the current volume of trading, it will take two and a half days' volume to cover all shorts.

Signal

In the context of stock or commodity time series historical data, this is usually daily or weekly prices.

Signal Line

In artificial intelligence, a numeric variable that is prevalued in the knowledge base. In moving average jargon, the first moving average is smoothed by a second moving average. The second moving average is the signal line.

Signature Medallion Guaranty

Program used by banks and other institutions to verify a signature.

Significance

The probability of rejection on the basis of a statistical test and a hypothesis that there is no validity to the specific claim that two variations of the same thing can be distinguished by a specific procedure.

Simple Moving Average

The arithmetic mean or average of a series of prices over a period of time. The longer the period of time studied (that is, the larger the denominator of the average), the less impact an individual data point has on the average.

Simple Regression

A mathematical way of stating the statistical linear relationship between one independent and one dependent variable.

Sinewave

A wave whose amplitude varies as the sine of a linear function of time.

Skew

A descriptive measure of lopsidedness in a distribution.

Slippage

The difference between estimated transaction costs and actual transaction costs.

SMA

See Simple Moving Average.

Small Order Execution System (SOES)

Computerized system developed by Nasdaq for immediate electronic execution of up to 1,000 shares of stock.

Smoothing

Simply, a mathematical technique that removes excess data variability while maintaining a correct ap praisal of the underlying trend.

Asiantuntija

A trader on the market floor assigned to fill bids/orders in a specific stock out of his/her own account when the order has no competing bid/order to ensure a fair and orderly market.

Specify

To set the parameters and variables of a given model.

Spectrum

The frequency decomposition of time series data. This is used to detect periodic fluctuations or cycles in historical price data.

Spike

A sharp rise in price in a single day or two; may be as great as 15-30%, indicating the time for an immediate sale.

Spline

The linear interpolation between two adjacent points on a curve.

Spot Month

In trading, the current contract month. Also known as the front month .

Spot Prices

Same as cash price, the price at which a commodity is selling at a particular time and place.

Spread

A trade in which two related contracts/stocks/bonds/options are traded to exploit the relative differences in price change between the two.

Spread Rolls

Using a spread order to bridge the closing of one position and the establishment of a new one.

Spring

A two-day pattern in which on the first day, the market declines below a support point, while the next day sees the market move strongly back up into the congestion area.

Spring

Another term for upthrust; occurs when price moves above a pivot top and a widespread reversal ensues as follows: a) two previous closes are reversed, b) close is below pivot top, c) close is below opening and mid-range, d) daily price range is greater than the previous day's range.

Stair-stepping

In which market activity is characterized by a trend, then sideways movements, followed by another trend and further sideways movement.

Standard Deviation

The positive square root of the expected value of the square of the difference between a random variable and its mean. A measure of the fluctuation in a stock's monthly return over the preceding year.

Standard Error of the Estimate (SEE)

A measure of absolute fit. One can use this measure to compare the last portion of this model with another portion of the same dependent variable.

Standardized Unanticipated Earnings

(SUE) A company's average earnings surprise is compared with analyst earnings estimates dispersion, which can be used to estimate the likelihood of earnings surprises.

Stationarity

A distribution of a quantity that does not change over time.

Stationary Time Series

Implies that no trend is observed in the time series. Identified when the time series has a constant mean and variance.

Step Function

A function defined on an interval so that the interval can be partitioned into a finite number of subinter vals on each of which the function is a constant. Also known as a simple function.

Stepwise Regression

A mathematical technique to choose the independent variables that best describe the behavior of the dependent, in order of improving description.

Stochastic

Literally means random.

Stochastics Oscillator

An overbought/oversold indicator that compares today's price to a preset window of high and low prices. These data are then transformed into a range between zero and 100 and then smoothed.

Stock Index Futures

A futures contract traded that uses a market index as the underlying instrument. Typically, the value of the contract is $500 times the underlying index. The delivery mechanism is usually cash settlement.

Stop and Reverse (SAR)

A stop that, when hit, is a signal to reverse the current trading position, ie, from long to short. Also known as reversal stop .

Stop Loss

The risk management technique in which the trade is liquidated to halt any further decline in value.

Stop-Running

After a trend, the market will enter into a trading range and have a tendency to trade to levels where stop-loss orders have been placed.

Stops

Buy stops are orders that are placed at a predetermined price over the current price of the market. The order becomes a “buy at the market” order if the market is at or above to the price of the stop order. Sell stops are orders that are placed with a predetermined price below the current price. Sell-stop orders become “Sell at the market” orders if the market trades at or below the price of the stop order.

Straddle

The purchase or sale of an equivalent number of puts and calls on an underlying stock with the same exer cise price and expiration date.

Strange Attractor

A balance point between a set of conflicting forces.

Strangle

The purchase or sale of an equivalent number of puts and calls on an underlying stock with the same expira tion date but a different exercise price. Usually, the put has a low strike price and the call has a higher strike price.

Street Name

Stock ownership in which shares are registered to a brokerage or other financial institution and held.

Strike Price

The price per unit at which the holder of an option may receive or deliver the underlying unit; also known as the exercise price .

Strips

An option strategy in which an investor buys one call and two puts on the same underlying security with the same exercise price and expiration date.

Struck

The price at which an exercised option delivers the underlying securities.

Student

The pseudonym for Irish chemist WS Gosset, who published “The Probable Error at a Mean” under that name in 1908.

Sum of Squared Residuals (SSR)

Measure related to the R-squared value and the smaller the number, the higher will be the R-squared, and the better the regression.

SuperDot

NYSE execution technology.

Tuki

A historical price level at which falling prices have stopped falling and either moved sideways or reversed direction; usually seen as a price chart pattern.

Support Line

On a chart, a line drawn indicating the price level at which falling prices have stopped falling and have moved sideways or reversed direction.

Swaps

The sale of one security to purchase another with similar features.

Swing Chart

A chart that has a straight line drawn from each price extreme to the next price extreme based on a set criteria such as percentages or number of days. For example, percentage price changes of less than 5% will not be measured in the swing chart.

Swings

The measurement of movement of the price of a tradable between extreme highs and lows.

Synergistic Market Analysis

Also known as synergistic analysis . An analytical method that merges technical and fundamental analysis with an emphasis on intermarket analysis.

Synthetic Securities

Security created by buying and writing a combination of options that imitate the risk and profit profile of a security.

T-Statistics: The probability distribution used to test the hypothesis that a random sample of n observations comes from a normal population with a given mean.
T-Test: A statistical test of significance for a distribution that changes its shape as N gets smaller; based on a variable t equal to the difference between the mean of the sample and the mean of the population divided by a result obtained by dividing the standard deviation of the sample by the square root of the number of individuals in the sample.
Tangibles: Cash equivalents of the futures contracts.
Tax-Deferred
In which an investment allows an investor to postpone paying taxes on money put into the investment until the investor literally takes possession of the money invested.
Technical Analysis: A form of market analysis that studies demand and supply for securities and commodities based on trading volume and price studies. Using charts and modeling techniques, technicians attempt to identify price trends in a market.
Telegrapher's Equation: A variation of the Diffusion Equation that describes minor differences in the drunkard's walk, in which the random decision controls the change in direction rather than the direction itself.
Term Structure: Also known as yield curve. The slope of the term structure is the yield on long-term government bonds minus the yield on short-term instruments such as Treasury bills.
Theta: The measurement of the time decay of a position.
Thrust: A comparison between the price difference of successively lower pivot bottoms or higher pivot tops. For example, a reduction in the difference between pivot bottoms shows loss of momentum; an increase in the difference shows increased momentum.
Tick: The minimum fluctuation of a tradable. For example, bonds trade in 32nds, while most stocks trade in eighths.
Tick Indicator: The number of stocks whose last trade was an uptick or a downtick.
Time Domain: Variation of a time series is accounted for by an autocorrelation function and other time series.
Time Series: A collection of observations made sequentially in time and indexed by time.
Time Value: The difference between the premium paid for an option and the intrinsic value. As the option approaches expiration, the time value erodes, eventually to zero.
TPO: Time-Price Opportunity; a price that occurs during designated half-hour periods of trading; a price-time relationship developed for the Chicago Board of Trade's Market Profile and Liquidity Data Bank reports.
Tradable
Trading instrument.
Trade Facilitation: Liquidity.
Trading Bands: Lines plotted in and around the price structure to form an envelope, answering whether prices are high or low on a relative basis and forewarning whether to buy or sell by using indicators to confirm price action.
Trading Range: The difference between the high and low prices traded during a period of time; in commodities, the high/low price limit established by the exchange for a specific commodity for any one day's trading.
Trailing Stop: A stop-loss order that follows the prevailing price trend.
Transfer Agent
Financial institution that manages ownership records of company stock.
Transfer Function: The mathematical relationship between the output of a control system and its input for a linear system, it is the Laplace transform of the output divided by the Laplace transform of the input under conditions of zero initial energy.
Transfer Response: Refers to the shape of the wave coming out of a filter in comparison to the shape going into it.
Transform: A process to change or convert. For example, a simple moving average is a filter to reduce noise; the moving average is the transform function.
Trend: The general drift, tendency or bent of a set of statistical data as related to time.
Trend Channel: A parallel probable price range centered about the most likely price line. Historically, this term has been used to denote the area between the base trendline and the reaction trendline defined by price moves against the prevailing trend.
Trend Day: A day in which the price of a futures contract moves consistently away from the opening range and does not return to the opening range prior to the close.
Trend-Following: Moving in the direction of the prevailing price movement.
Trending Market: Price moves in a single direction, generally closing at an extreme for the day.
Trendless: Price movement that vacillates to the degree that a clear trend cannot be identified.
Trendline: A line drawn that connects either a series of highs or lows in a trend. The trendline can represent either support as in an uptrend line or resistance as in a downtrend line. Consolidations are marked by horizontal trendlines.
Triangle
A pattern that exhibits a series of narrower price fluctuations over time; top and bottom boundaries need not be of equal length.
Triangular Moving Average: A moving average in which each day's data are multiplied by a weight that increases in value at steady increments to a peak value and then declines to zero at equivalent increments. The sum of the weighted daily data is divided by the number of variables.
TRIN: See Arms Index Trix-The one-period difference of the triple exponential smoothing operating on the log of price.
True Range: The largest of the following: Today's high minus today's low, today's high minus yesterday's close, today's low minus yesterday's close.
True Strength Index: A momentum indicator developed by William Blau that double-smoothes the ratio of the market momentum to the absolute value of the market momentum.
Tulip Sector
A sector that is the intense focus of speculators at the moment.
Turning Point: The approximate time at which there is a change in trend.
Tweezers Bottoms and Tops: Candlestick formations. Both candles must have identical highs and lows. Significant when found at contract highs or lows, and can indicate a breakout.
Uncovered Option: The buy or sale of an option without a position in the underlying futures contract; also known as a naked option.
Underlying Instrument: A trading instrument subject to purchase upon exercise.
Underlying Security: In options, a stock subject to purchase upon exercise of the option.
Uniform Gifts to Minors Acts
A law that allows minors to own property without the use of a trust.
Univariate: Involving only one variable.
Upthrust: Occurs when price moves above a pivot top and a widespread reversal ensues as follows: a) two previous closes are reversed, b) close is below pivot top, c) close is below opening and mid-range, d) daily price range is greater than the previous day's range.
Value Area: The price range on the CBOT Market Profile in which approximately 70% of the day's trades occur.
Value at Risk (VaR)
A measure of exposure within a given portfolio, which attempts to estimate how much the portfolio would be expected to lose, given the recent behavior of the securities contained therein.
Value Averaging
In which the average is taken of a series of values.
Value-Weighted Index: A market average such as Standard & Poor's 500 Index that takes into account the market value of each security rather than calculating a straight price average.
Variable-Length Moving Average: A moving average where the number of periods selected for smoothing is based on a volatility measurement of price. Typically, the standard deviation of price is used to measure price volatility. The more volatile the price is, the shorter the number of periods used is for smoothing.
Vega: The amount by which the price of an option changes when the volatility changes.
Vertical Spread: A stock option spread based on simultaneous purchase and sale of options on the same underlying stock with the same expiration months but different strike prices.
Vesting
The rights that an employee gains for working at a firm for a specific length of time.
Volatility: A measure of a stock's tendency to move up and down in price, based on its daily price history over the latest 12 months.
Volume
The shares that are traded for a given market or tradable within a specified time period.
Volume Price Trend (VPT): In which a running sum is maintained when a day's total volume is added if the market closes positive or the day's total volume is subtracted if the market closes lower. See On-balance volume.
W Formation
A double-bottom formation.
Warrant
A company-issued certificate that represents an option to buy stock shares at a given time.
Wasting: A term depicting how an option's value decreases over time; as each day after acquisition passes a portion of the option's time value is lost or wasted.
Wave: In Elliott wave theory, a sustained move by a market's price in one direction as determined by the reversal points that initiated and terminated it.
Wave Cycle: An impulse wave followed by a correction wave, the impulse wave being made up of five smaller, numbered waves of alternating direction designated 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and the correction wave being composed of three smaller alternating waves designated a, b, and c.
Wedge
A pattern in which two converging lines connect a group of price peaks and troughs.
Weighted Average Purchase Price
Multiply each purchase order bought by the associated purchase price, add them together and divide the total by the number of blocks. The result is the weighted average purchase price.
Weighted Industry Index: An index where the importance of each stock is related to its market capitalization.
Weighted Moving Average (WMA)
A moving average that puts more weight on recent prices. A three-day weighted moving average would add a multiple of 1 to the first date, 2 to the second date and 3 to the third date.
Whiplash: Alternating buy and sell signals that result in losses.
Whipsaw: Losing money on both sides of a price swing.
Wildcards: Characters in a quote symbol or Dos file name that indicates an undefined, but categorized, value.
Williams' %R: Overbought and oversold indicator that is used to determine market entry and exit points.
Window
Set period of time such as a lookback period for market indicator in question.
Wizard
A preprogrammed step-by-step procedure to aid the user in accomplishing a specific task.
Yates's Correction: When a small amount of data is available for testing, the chi-square formula is adjusted to account for the small sample base.
Zero-Coupon Government Bonds: Government bonds that are purchased at a deep discount and pay no cash dividend, unlike regular bonds.
Zeta: The percentage change in an options price per 1% change in implied volatility.
Zigzag: In a bull market, an Elliott three-wave pattern that subdivides into a 5-3-5 pattern with the top of wave B noticeably lower than the start of wave A. In a bear market, this pattern will be inverted.

This dictionary is still in it's editing stage. The content is being compiled from various sources. Sources used so far, include Livecharts.co.uk, Stocks and Commodities and Wikipedia

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